AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia

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“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral transfection is dependent on angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and increased intestinal receptor expression might support viral replication. [1][2][3] Therefore, we read with great interest the work by Krzysztof et al, reporting that anatomic location, intestinal inflammation, and age are key determinants of intestinal expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 1 However, several additional questions remain as the authors themselves also describe.…”

“…[1][2][3] Therefore, we read with great interest the work by Krzysztof et al, reporting that anatomic location, intestinal inflammation, and age are key determinants of intestinal expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 1 However, several additional questions remain as the authors themselves also describe. It is important to understand the effects of immunomodulating drugs on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression, and the cell-typespecific context in which these genes are expressed.…”

“…It is important to understand the effects of immunomodulating drugs on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression, and the cell-typespecific context in which these genes are expressed. 1 In addition, it is important to understand the genetic determinants of intestinal ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. To address these remaining questions, we queried host genetic data and RNA sequencing data of intestinal biopsies from patients with IBD.…”

“…We thank Drs Clucas, Hew, Jansson-Knodell, Munro, and colleagues for their interest and comments on the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute's Clinical Practice Guideline on Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). 1 We would first like to emphasize that this guideline applies to the evaluation of asymptomatic patients with IDA. As such, patients with symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhea, or abdominal pain, should be evaluated as indicated clinically.…”

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Celiac Disease

“…Since patients with IDA, especially in the case of non-responsive forms to treatment, have a higher risk of having CD than the general population, screening with tissue transglutaminase antibodies is strongly recommended in these subjects. Several scientific societies such as the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) [ 42 ], the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) [ 43 ], the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) [ 44 ] and the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologist and Endoscopist (AIGO) and the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) have drawn up their own guidelines on this topic [ 45 ]. However, in clinical practice these recommendations remain often unfollowed.…”