Agaricus blazei Water Extracts as Alternative Medicines

White Agaricus bisporus is both the most popular and the most commonly eaten edible mushroom species in the world. It is popular not only because of its taste, but also due to its high level of nutrients: dietary fi ber (chitin), essential, semi-essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and linolenic acids, easily digestible proteins, sterols, phenolic and indole compounds, and vitamins − especially provitamin D 2 and B 1 , B 2 , B 6 , B 7 , and C. Fruiting bodies of A. bisporus have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-infl ammatory, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activity. The presence of antioxidant ergothioneine (which also displays the antimutagenic, chemo-and radioprotective activity) is also noteworthy. A. bisporus also contains derivatives of benzoquinone, a substance which belongs to the group of antibiotics. Studies of tyrosinase isolated from this species show its very high similarity to human tyrosinase. This points directly to the fact that this species could be a rich source of tyrosinase used for medicinal and cosmetics purposes. A. bisporus is also a rich source of selenium, zinc and other elements such as magnesium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur or manganese. In conclusion, the presence of these compounds and elements with biological activity in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus confi rms their nutraceutical and medicinal properties. Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/12/18 5:17 AM

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“…However, this compound displays the antiviral activity, e.g. as a potent inhibitor of HIV protease [Sorimachi & Koge, 2008]. Table 1.…”

Section: Fruiting Bodies Of a Bisporus As A Source Of Agaritinementioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Biological Properties of Agaricus bisporus Fruiting Bodies- a Review

Muszyńska

Kała

Rojowski

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.

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“…A. blazei is a common mushroom in South America and Asia, and has been widely used in traditional medicine as a remedy for certain types of cancers and diabetes − . In Asia, including the Republic of Korea, fruiting bodies of A. blazei have a considerable reputation as a potent remedy for DM .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semipurified Fractions from the Submerged-Culture Broth of Agaricus blazei Murill Reduce Blood Glucose Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Kim

Jang

et al. 2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Hypoglycemic action of semipurified fractions from hot-water extracts of the submerged-culture broth of Agaricus blazei Murill was examined in streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal)-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats, relative to the diabetes drug metformin. The hot-water extract, treated with ethanol to remove beta-glucans and glycoproteins, was freeze-dried, and fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EA), and butanol fractions. The EA fraction (EAF; 200 mg/kg body weight) reduced (p < 0.05) the blood glucose level in the oral glucose tolerance test, relative to the other fractions and control. In a 14 day-treatment study, diabetic rats treated with the EAF displayed a suppressed blood glucose level and elevated plasma insulin and glucose transport-4 proteins; the reactions occurred in a dose-dependent manner (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) compared to those in control animals. The EAF reduced the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in plasma, the activity of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in blood, and the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in the liver and kidney. The hypoglycemic efficacy of the EAF (400 mg/kg body weight) was similar to that of metformin (500 mg/kg body weight). The EAF contained substantial amounts of isoflavonoids including genistein, genistin, daidzein, and daidzin, which could have contributed to the fraction's hypoglycemic action. These results indicate that the hot-water extract of the submerged-culture broth of Agaricus blazei contains an EAF having potent hypoglycemic action, which could be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

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