Age and gender influence the cardiorespiratory function and metabolic rate of broiler chicks during normocapnia and hypercapnia

Espinha, Lívia P.; Souza, Fernando A.; Capalbo, Aretuza C.; Bícego, Kênia C.; Macari, Marcos; Gargaglioni, Luciane H.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2014.05.013

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…1A). This is in agreement with the data in chickens that show an increase in mass specific metabolic rate until around ten days old followed by an allometric decrease in _ V0 2 =kg (Bobek et al, 1977;Snyder et al, 1991;Espinha et al, 2014). Interestingly, our Hx chicks showed a higher _ V0 2 =kg at the age of 10 days compared to the Nx group (Fig.…”

Section: Energy Metabolism and Thermoregulation Of 10-day Old Chicks supporting

confidence: 92%

Hypoxia during embryonic development increases energy metabolism in normoxic juvenile chicks

Amaral-Silva

Scarpellini

Toro-Velasquez

et al. 2017

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Environmental changes during perinatal development can affect the postnatal life. In this sense, chicken embryos that experience low levels of O over a specific phase of incubation can have their tissue growth reduced and the ventilatory response to hypoxia blunted, at least until hatching. Additionally, exposure to low level of O after birth reduces the thermogenesis as well. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia over the third week of incubation affects the thermoregulation of juvenile chicks at an age when thermogenesis is already expected to be well-developed. To this end, we measured body temperature (Tb) and oxygen consumption (V̇0) under acute hypoxia or different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 1 and 10day-old chicks that have been exposed to 21% O2 for entire incubation (Nx) or to 15% O in the last week of incubation (Hx). We also assessed the thermal preference under normoxia or acute hypoxia of the older chicks from both incubation groups in a thermocline. Hypoxia over incubation reduced growth but did not affect the cold-induced thermogenesis in hatchlings. Regarding the juvenile Hx, present data indicate a catch up growth with higher resting V̇0, a thermal preference for warmer Tas and a possible higher thermal conductance. In conclusion, our results show that hypoxia over the third week of incubation can affect the thermoregulation at least until 10days after hatch in chickens.

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Section: Energy Metabolism and Thermoregulation Of 10-day Old Chicks supporting

confidence: 92%

Hypoxia during embryonic development increases energy metabolism in normoxic juvenile chicks

Amaral-Silva

Scarpellini

Toro-Velasquez

et al. 2017

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…Overall, sexual dimorphism was observed in the present study, with higher HR in females. This result contradicts the findings of Espinha et al (2014), who reported HR of 211.5 ± 6.56 and 168.0 ± 7.28 bpm in female and male broiler chickens, respectively.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses of Slow-Growing Chickens under Diurnally Cycling Temperature in a Hot Environment

Mutibvu

Chimonyo

Halimani

2017

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Extensive, intensive, respiratory rate, heart rate, strain, temperature.Submitted: 23/April/2017 Approved: 11/June/2017 ABStRACt Free-range chicken production has significantly increased in recent years and it often entails exposing birds to cyclic environmental conditions. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of bird strain and sex, and rearing system on the physiological responses of Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Ovambo (OV) and Naked Neck (NN) chickens reared in a hot environment. Body weight (BW), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were determined weekly for 4 weeks, in 3 slow-growing chicken strains under cyclic environmental conditions. A total of 288, 20-week old Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Ovambo (OV) and Naked Neck (NN) chickens were separated by sex and allocated to extensive and intensive rearing systems. Ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH) were used to compute a temperature humidity index (THI). A Proc MIXED model was used to analyze fixed effects and a linear regression model was fitted to test the relationship between THI and response parameters. All factors studied influenced (p<0.05) BW while none affected (p>0.05) RT. Higher BW (p<0.05) were obtained with OV in both rearing systems. Sex influenced (p=0.0021) HR but not RR (p>0.05). Week and rearing system affected (p>0.05) RR. THI showed significant correlation with RR and HR. THI was higher in intensive than extensive rearing. Physiological responses of PK, OV and NN are comparable under similar rearing conditions.

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“…On the other hand, in neonatal rats the percentage of neurons stimulated by elevated CO 2 was significantly greater in animals older than 12 days, compared to younger animals (Wang and Richerson, 1999;Putnam et al, 2005). A previous study performed in our lab (Espinha et al, 2014), also observed an age-dependent hypercapnic ventilatory response in female broiler chicks, suggesting that some mechanisms, involved in the ventilatory response to CO 2 , may change during post-hatch life. Interestingly, although the 14d HT animals have a higher metabolic rate under hypercapnia, no significant difference was observed in Tb comparing to the controls.…”

Section: Chemosensitivitysupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Measurements of pulmonary ventilation (V E ) were performed using the whole-body plethysmography method (closed system; Mortola and Frappel, 1998;Espinha et al, 2014;Rocha et al, 2020). Freely-moving 3-and 14-days-old (3d and 14d) chickens were kept in a 1.5-L and 5-L chamber, respectively, and the chambers were ventilated with humidified room air, a hypercapnic gas mixture (7% CO 2 ) or a hypoxic gas mixture (10% O 2 ; Gama Gases, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil) for 30 min each.…”

Section: Determination Of Pulmonary Ventilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects Ventilation, Metabolism, Thermal Control and Central Dopamine in Newly Hatched and Juvenile Chicks

et al. 2021

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The first third of incubation is critical for embryonic development, and environmental changes during this phase can affect the physiology and survival of the embryos. We evaluated the effects of low (LT), control (CT), and high (HT) temperatures during the first 5 days of incubation on ventilation (V.E), body temperature (Tb), oxygen consumption (V.O2), respiratory equivalent (V.E/V.O2), and brain monoamines on 3-days-old (3d) and 14-days-old (14d) male and female chickens. The body mass of LT animals of both ages and sexes was higher compared to HT and CT animals (except for 3d males). The heart mass of 14d HT animals was higher than that of CT animals. Thermal manipulation did not affect V.E, V.O2 or V.E/V.O2 of 3d animals in normoxia, except for 3d LT males V.E, which was lower than CT. Regarding 14d animals, the HT females showed a decrease in V.E and V.O2 compared to CT and LT groups, while the HT males displayed a lower V.O2 compared to CT males, but no changes in V.E/V.O2. Both sexes of 14d HT chickens presented a greater Tb compared to CT animals. Thermal manipulations increased the dopamine turnover in the brainstem of 3d females. No differences were observed in ventilatory and metabolic parameters in the 3d animals of either sexes, and 14d males under 7% CO2. The hypercapnic hyperventilation was attenuated in the 14d HT females due to changes in V.O2, without alterations in V.E. The 14d LT males showed a lower V.E, during hypercapnia, compared to CT, without changes in V.O2, resulting in an attenuation in V.E/V.O2. During hypoxia, 3d LT females showed an attenuated hyperventilation, modulated by a higher V.O2. In 14d LT and HT females, the increase in V.E was greater and the hypometabolic response was attenuated, compared to CT females, which resulted in no change in the V.E/V.O2. In conclusion, thermal manipulations affect hypercapnia-induced hyperventilation more so than hypoxic challenge, and at both ages, females are more affected by thermal manipulation than males.

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Age and gender influence the cardiorespiratory function and metabolic rate of broiler chicks during normocapnia and hypercapnia

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Hypoxia during embryonic development increases energy metabolism in normoxic juvenile chicks

Hypoxia during embryonic development increases energy metabolism in normoxic juvenile chicks

Physiological Responses of Slow-Growing Chickens under Diurnally Cycling Temperature in a Hot Environment

Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects Ventilation, Metabolism, Thermal Control and Central Dopamine in Newly Hatched and Juvenile Chicks

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