Age and gender related changes in biomechanical properties of healthy human costal cartilage

Biyun, Guo; Liao, Donghua; Li, Xiaoyang; Zeng, Yanjun; Yang, Qinghua

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.10.004

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Ribs are connected to the sternum via direct costal cartilage segments (true ribs 1–5) or indirectly via segments attached to superior cartilage segments (false ribs 6–10), and the presence of calcification is known to increase the local material and cartilage segment stiffness (Guo et al. ; Lau et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age and demographics on rib shape

2017

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Elderly populations have a higher risk of rib fractures and other associated thoracic injuries than younger adults, and the changes in body morphology that occur with age are a potential cause of this increased risk. Rib centroidal path geometry for 20 627 ribs was extracted from computed tomography (CT) scans of 1042 live adult subjects, then fitted to a six-parameter mathematical model that accurately characterizes rib size and shape, and a three-parameter model of rib orientation within the body. Multivariable regression characterized the independent effect of age, height, weight, and sex on the rib shape and orientation across the adult population, and statistically significant effects were seen from all demographic factors (P < 0.0001). This study reports a novel aging effect whereby both the rib end-to-end separation and rib aspect ratio are seen to increase with age, producing elongated and flatter overall rib shapes in elderly populations, with age alone explaining up to 20% of population variability in the aspect ratio of mid-level ribs. Age was not strongly associated with overall rib arc length, indicating that age effects were related to shape change rather than overall bone length. The rib shape effect was found to be more strongly and directly associated with age than previously documented age-related changes in rib angulation. Other demographic results showed height and sex being most strongly associated with rib size, and weight most strongly associated with rib pump-handle angle. Results from the study provide a statistical model for building rib shapes typical of any given demographic by age, height, weight, and sex, and can be used to help build population-specific computational models of the thoracic rib cage. Furthermore, results also quantify normal population ranges for rib shape parameters which can be used to improve the assessment and treatment of rib skeletal deformity and disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of age and demographics on rib shape

2017

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“…Many investigations have studied the local material properties of costal cartilage (Feng et al, 2001;Guo et al, 2007;Roy et al, 2004;Abrahams and Duggan, 1964;Mattice et al, 2006;Lau et al, 2008). Up till now, there have been no validating data to indicate how these local material properties affect the structural function of costal cartilage.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling costal cartilage using local material properties with consideration for gross heterogeneities

Forman

Kent

2011

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…The structure is layered and the properties vary greatly with depth below the surface, with strength up to up to 30 MPa in layers with higher fiber contents [8,[10][11][12][13]. Costal (rib) cartilage has a strength of 5-7 MPa [14]. The large extension to break and large work of fracture (1 kJ/m 2 ) [15] allow cartilage to function effectively under impact even though the average strength is not high.…”

Section: Biological Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Gel Actuators: Fundamentals

Calvert

2009

Biomedical Applications of Electroactive Polymer Actuators

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One view of materials development is to search for what materials correspond to empty spaces on a hypothetical multi-dimensional map of the properties of available materials. Following a biomimetic philosophy, for instance, it can be seen that tough ceramics and moldable short fiber composites with high moduli are possible but absent from the list of available synthetic materials. Likewise artificial muscle is missing, where the properties are defined as a developed stress of over 300 kPa, a linear contraction of 25 % and a response time of below one second. Currently dielectric elastomers come closest but have disadvantages [1,2].The actin-myosin muscle system provides the performance target for electroactive polymer actuators [3,4]. The process is driven chemically by the energy change from hydrolysis of the polyphosphate bond as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) binds to myosin and is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and phosphate. A simple chemical analogy suggests that muscle-like gels should be feasible but it is now clear that the task is much harder than it seems.Early work on gel actuation by Katchalsky-Katzir demonstrated that engines could be built using the chemical energy in diluting a lithium bromide solution to drive contraction and expansion of a collagen belt [5]. In essence, the collagen expands to take up the salt solution or contract to exclude the water. This change is both a molecular conformation change and a volume change. Other chemically driven gels, for instance polyacrylic acid fibers [6] which respond to a pH change, also rely on a solubility change giving rise to a volume change.

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Age and gender related changes in biomechanical properties of healthy human costal cartilage

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of age and demographics on rib shape

The effect of age and demographics on rib shape

Modeling costal cartilage using local material properties with consideration for gross heterogeneities

Polymer Gel Actuators: Fundamentals

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