Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its associated factors for pentavalent 1-3 and measles vaccine doses, in northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background In Ethiopia, there are limited studies on age-appropriate vaccinations that children received at the recommended specific ages. Therefore, we assessed age-appropriate vaccinations coverage and its associated factors among children 12 to 23 months of age in Menz Lalo district, northeast Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Menz Lalo district from March to April/2018 among 417 mothers/caregivers with children 12 to 23 months of age using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Information about children’s vaccination status was collected from vaccination cards. Age-appropriate vaccination coverage was measured using World Health Organization vaccination schedule recommendation. Data was entered into Epi-Info 7 software and exported to SPSS-20 for analysis. Four consecutive logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with age-inappropriate vaccinations. A P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to state statistically significant associations. Results Age-appropriate vaccination coverage was 39.1% (95% CI: 34.3 to 44) for pentavalent 1, 36.3% (95% CI: 31.6 to 41.5) for pentavalent 2, 30.3% (95% CI: 25.6 to 35) for pentavalent 3 and 26.4% (95% CI: 21.7 to 31) for measles vaccine doses. Age-inappropriate pentavalent 1–3 vaccinations was associated with being male sex (AOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29–0.74), lack of telephone (AOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4–3.6), lack of usual caretaker (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3–5.2), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.5), missing pregnant women’s conference (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–5.7), decreasing birth order (AOR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.68) and insufficient knowledge (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–4.4). Conclusion The proportions of age-appropriate vaccination coverage were low in the study area. Modifiable factors were associated with age-inappropriate vaccinations. Vaccination interventions should consider identified modifiable factors to improve age-appropriate vaccinations coverage.

Timely completion of vaccination and its determinants among children in Northwest, Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis

“…When there was no eligible child in the selected household, the next household was considered in the study. (12,30,31,37,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). Ontime full vaccination was also defined as all vaccine doses administered within 4 days prior (31,(42)(43)(44)(45) and within 4 weeks after the recommended age specified in the national immunization schedule.…”

Vaccination timeliness and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in northwest Ethiopia: community-based study

“…proportion of children received timely vaccination study in northeast Ethiopia (22), 3% margin of error, 95% con dence level, 10 % non-response rate and 2 design effect. The nal sample size was 548.…”

“…Timely vaccination: a child is considered to be timely vaccinated, If the child received BCG within the rst fty-six days, OPV1, penta1, PCV1 and Rota1 from 39 to 70 days, OPV 2, penta2, PCV2 and Rota 2 from 67 to 98 days, OPV3, penta3 and PCV3 from 95 to 126 days and measles vaccine 270 to 301 days of age of the child (6,22). On the other hand, the child was considered as early vaccinated when the child received at least one dose of the vaccine below the minimum recommended age for each antigens, and considered as delayed vaccination when the child received at least one dose of the vaccine above the maximum recommended age (6,22).…”

“…Favorable attitude: Eight Likert scale attitude assessment item questions each containing (1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree and 5= strongly agree) alternatives were used and those who scored 75% or more the attitude measuring score were considered as having favorable attitude (22,26).…”

“…Childhood vaccination timeliness is low in many African countries, including Ethiopia ranged from 6.2-68% (20)(21)(22). Both early and delayed childhood vaccination have their own disadvantages i.e.…”