Age at menarche is associated with prediabetes and diabetes in women (aged 32–81 years) from the general population: the KORA F4 Study

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine the association between age at menarche and prediabetes as well as diabetes, considering confounding factors and the possible mediating role of adult obesity.Methods This cross-sectional study analysed data on 1,503 women aged 32-81 years from the German populationbased KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg, South Germany) F4 Study (2006)(2007)(2008). Data were collected by standardised interviews, physical examinations, and whole blood and serum measurements, including administration of an OGTT in non-diabetic participants. Results Of the 1,503 women, 226 showed a prediabetic state (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) and 140 persons had diabetes (45 participants with previously undiagnosed diabetes and 95 with known diabetes). In Poisson regression analysis, age at menarche was significantly inversely associated with prediabetes or diabetes after adjustment for year of birth (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.82, 0.94, p<0.0001 per additional year of menarche) and after additional adjustment for a number of confounding factors (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.83, 0.94, p00.0001). Further adjustment for current BMI slightly attenuated the association with prediabetes or diabetes (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.83, 0.95, p00.0009), but the association remained clearly significant. Conclusions/interpretation Age at menarche seems to be inversely associated with prediabetes and diabetes independent of confounding factors including current BMI. Women at risk for diabetes might be identified by a history of young age at menarche.

Presentation, Clinical Profile, and Prognosis of Young Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): Results From the VIRGO Study

“…Earlier menarche was more common in MI‐CAD patients, who were also more likely to be obese. High body mass index among adolescents has been linked with early menarche and, later in life, with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia, possibly explaining this predisposition 41, 42. Other sex‐specific factors such as rates of polycystic ovarian syndrome or pregnancy‐related complications did not differ by type of AMI, but were almost 2 to 3 times higher than in the general population 43, 44.…”

Age at Menarche and Cardiometabolic Health: A Sibling Analysis in the Scottish Family Health Study

“…Early menarche is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and higher glucose,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 higher triglycerides and cholesterol levels,2, 6, 10 higher blood pressure,4, 5, 11, 12 and greater waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) 4, 5, 13, 14, 15. In line with these findings, there is some but less consistent evidence of an association between age at menarche and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events 12, 16, 17, 18.…”

Factors of Women’s Health From the Perspective of Reproductive Ageing and Risk of Cardiovascular Disorders

“…Авторы многочисленных научных исследо-ваний, проведенных в ряде европейских стран и США, пришли к выводу, что раннее менархе ас-социируется с повышенным риском сахарного ди-абета 2-го типа [13,14,15,16,17,18]. Аналогичную взаимосвязь выявили и в двух азиатских наблю-дениях [19,20], в то время как в параллельном ис-следовании у китайских женщин эта связь не была определена [21].…”