Age at Onset of Puberty Predicts Bone Mass in Young Adulthood

Gilsanz, Vicente; Chalfant, James S.; Kalkwarf, Heidi J.; Zemel, Babette S.; Lappe, Joan M.; Oberfield, Sharon E.; Shepherd, John; Wren, Tishya A. L.; Winer, Karen K.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.06.054

Cited by 132 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Most studies report that late commencement of puberty is associated with lower BMD in both sexes [26,28,39]. For girls with intermediate and late sexual maturation, we found a negative association with BMD levels at the femoral neck as described by Heaney 2000; who reported that late menarche is a skeletal disadvantage, and that there is an association between age at menarche and fracture risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures: a study of Norwegian adolescents’ lifestyle and bone health

et al. 2014

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Summary Bone mass achievement predicts later fracture risk. This population-based study describes bone mineral density levels (BMD) and associated factors in Norwegian adolescents. Compared with international reference ranges, BMD levels appear higher and physical activity levels are positively associated with BMD.Purpose Norway has one of the highest reported incidences of osteoporotic fractures. Maximization of peak bone mass may prevent later fractures. This population-based study compared BMD levels of Norwegian adolescents with international reference ranges and explored associated factors.Methods All first year upper secondary school students, aged 15-19 years in the Tromsø region were invited to the Fit Futures study in 2010-2011. Over 90% of the invited participants attended, 508 girls and 530 boys. BMD was measured at total hip, femoral neck and total body by dual x-ray absorptiometry.Lifestyle variables were collected by self-administered questionnaires and interviews. All analyses were performed sex stratified, using linear regression models.Results In girls mean BMD (SD) was 1.060 (0.124), 1.066 (0.123) and 1.142 (0.077) g/cm² at the total hip, femoral neck and total body respectively. In boys corresponding values were 1.116 (0.147), 1.103 (0.150) and 1.182 (0.097), with significant higher values than the Lunar pediatric reference at 16 years of age In girls, height and self-reported intensive physical activity of more than four hours a week and early sexual maturation were positively associated with BMD at both femoral sites (p<0.047). Among boys age, height, body mass index, physical activity and alcohol intake were positively (p<0.038), whereas early stages of sexual maturation and smoking was negatively (p<0.047) related to BMD.Conclusions Despite the heavy fracture burden, Norwegian adolescents´ BMD levels are higher than agematched Caucasians. Physical activity is associated with 1 SD increased BMD levels in those involved in competition or hard training.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Most studies report that late menarche is associated with lower BMD [26]. In the Lunar reference, the puberty data, if collected, were collected in different ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures: a study of Norwegian adolescents’ lifestyle and bone health

et al. 2014

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“…Pubertal timing affects BMD accrual during adolescence, (12)(13)(14)22) and has been reported to be associated with BMD in adulthood and old age in women in several, but not all, studies. (1,(5)(6)(7)(23)(24)(25)(26) This relationship has been mainly studied in women, partly because menarcheal age is a rather reliable and easily assessed measure of pubertal timing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, no significant differences in BMC between men with early and late puberty were observed by late adolescence and early adulthood (17-28 years of age). (14) In a recently published longitudinal study (n ¼ 78 females, and n ¼ 85 males), Gilsanz and colleagues (13) found a strong reciprocal relation between DXA values of the whole body, spine, and upper and lower extremities, and variations in the timing of puberty within the normal range in both genders, concluding that late puberty influences peak bone mass negatively. However, the mean age at follow-up was 16.2 AE 0.9 years for boys, providing no information about the role of pubertal timing on adult BMD.…”

Section: Pubertal Timing and Bmd In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have earlier reported, in the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity (GOOD) study of 19-year-old males in Sweden, that late but normal puberty was associated with lower BMD and previous fracture in a cross-sectional study. (12) Gilsanz and colleagues (13) recently reported that areal BMD (aBMD) at all sites was inversely related to the timing of puberty in teenagers of both genders, in a healthy cohort with variations in puberty within the normal range. In contrast, Jackowski and colleagues (14) reported no significant differences in bone mineral content (BMC) in early, middle, and late maturing men in late adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catch up in bone acquisition in young adult men with late normal puberty

Darelid

Ohlsson

Nilsson

et al. 2012

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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The aim of this study was to investigate the development of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in relation to peak height velocity (PHV), and to investigate whether late normal puberty was associated with remaining low BMD and BMC in early adulthood in men. In total, 501 men (mean AE SD, 18.9 AE 0.5 years of age at baseline) were included in this 5-year longitudinal study. Areal BMD (aBMD) and BMC, volumetric BMD (vBMD) and cortical bone size were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and pQCT. Detailed growth and weight charts were used to calculate age at PHV, an objective assessment of pubertal timing. Age at PHV was a strong positive predictor of the increase in aBMD and BMC of the total body (R 2 aBMD 11.7%; BMC 4.3%), radius (R 2 aBMD 23.5%; BMC 22.3%), and lumbar spine (R 2 aBMD 11.9%; BMC 10.5%) between 19 and 24 years (p < 0.001). Subjects were divided into three groups according to age at PHV (early, middle, and late). Men with late puberty gained markedly more in aBMD and BMC at the total body, radius, and lumbar spine, and lost less at the femoral neck (p < 0.001) than men with early puberty. At age 24 years, no significant differences in aBMD or BMC of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total body were observed, whereas a deficit of 4.2% in radius aBMD, but not in BMC, was seen for men with late versus early puberty (p < 0.001). pQCT measurements of the radius at follow-up demonstrated no significant differences in bone size, whereas cortical and trabecular vBMD were 0.7% (p < 0.001) and 4.8% (p < 0.05) lower in men with late versus early puberty. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that late puberty in males was associated with a substantial catch up in aBMD and BMC in young adulthood, leaving no deficits of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total body at age 24 years. ß

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Bone structural, biomechanical, and histomorphometric characteristics of the hindlimb skeleton in the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris)

Castillo

Croft

Jiron

et al. 2022

The Anatomical Record

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The rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) is a nonconventional laboratory rodent species used to model some human bone disorders. However, no studies have been conducted to characterize the postcranial skeleton. Therefore, we aimed to investigate age‐ and gender‐related features of the hindlimb skeleton of this species. We used femurs and tibiae from 94 rats of both genders aged 4–28 weeks. Bone mineral content (BMC), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and biomechanical properties were determined in femurs. In addition, bone histomorphometry of tibiae was conducted to assess bone cell activities and bone turnover over time. Bone length, total metaphysis BMC and vBMD, mid‐diaphyseal BMC and vBMD, cortical thickness, and cortical area progressively augmented with age. Whereas the increase in these parameters plateaued at age 16–22 weeks in female rats, they continued to rise to age 28 weeks in male rats. Furthermore, bone strength parameters increased with age, with few differences between genders. We also observed a rapid decrease in longitudinal growth between age 4 and 16 weeks. Whereas young rats had a greater bone formation rate and bone turnover, older rice rats had greater bone volume and trabecular thickness, with no differences between genders. (a) Sexual dimorphism in the rice rat becomes grossly evident at age 16 weeks; (b) the age‐related increases in bone mass, structural cortical parameters, and in some biomechanical property parameters plateau at an older age in male than in female rats; and (c) bone growth and remodeling significantly decreased with age irrespective of the gender.

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Age at Onset of Puberty Predicts Bone Mass in Young Adulthood

Cited by 132 publications

References 26 publications

The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures: a study of Norwegian adolescents’ lifestyle and bone health

The Tromsø Study: Fit Futures: a study of Norwegian adolescents’ lifestyle and bone health

Catch up in bone acquisition in young adult men with late normal puberty

Bone structural, biomechanical, and histomorphometric characteristics of the hindlimb skeleton in the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris)

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