Age-dependent changes in the neurochemical properties of sensory neurons

The spatiotemporal developmental pattern of the neural crest cells differentiation toward the first appearance of the neuronal subtypes was investigated in developing human spinal ganglia (SG) between the fifth and tenth developmental week using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods. First neurofilament-200-(NF200, likely myelinated mechanoreceptors) and isolectin-B4-positive neurons (likely unmyelinated nociceptors) appeared already in the 5/6th developmental week and their number subsequently increased during the progression of development. Proportion of NF200-positive cells was higher in the ventral parts of the SG than in the dorsal parts, particularly during the 5/6th and 9/10th developmental weeks (Mann-Whitney, P 5 0.040 and P 5 0.003). NF200 and IB4 colocalized during the whole investigated period. calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; nociceptive responses), vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1; polymodal nociceptors), and calretinin (calcium signaling) cell immunoreactivity first appeared in the sixth week and eighth week, respectively, especially in the dorsal parts of the SG. VR1 and CGRP colocalized with NF00 during the whole investigated period. Our results indicate the high potential of early differentiated neuronal cells, which slightly decreased with the progression of SG differentiation. On the contrary, the number of neuronal subtypes displayed increasing differentiation at later developmental stage. The great diversity of phenotypic expression found in the SG neurons is the result of a wide variety of influences, occurring at different stages of development in a large potential repertory of these neurons. Understanding the pathway of neural differentiation in the human, SG could be important for the studies dealing with the process of regeneration of damaged spinal nerves or during the repair of pathological changes within the affected ganglia.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal differentiation in the developing human spinal ganglia

Vukojević

Filipović

Sedlar

et al. 2016

“…In the rat stellate sympathetic ganglion, the highest density of SOM‐containing neurons has been observed in newborns. Later, the degree of SOM‐IR substantially decreased and remained constant after 10 days of life (Masliukov et al, 2016; Masliukov & Timmermans, 2004). In humans, SOM‐IR neurons are found in large numbers, even in fetuses at 24–27 weeks (56% in CG).…”

Section: Development Of Sympathetic Gut Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic innervation of the development, maturity, and aging of the gastrointestinal tract

Maslyukov

Emanuilov

Budnik

2022

The sympathetic nervous system inhibits gut motility, secretion, and blood flow in the gut microvasculature and can modulate gastrointestinal inflammation. Sympathetic neurons signal via catecholamines, neuropeptides, and gas mediators. In the current review, we summarize the current understanding of the mature sympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract with a focus mainly on the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia as the main output to the gut. We also highlight recent work regarding the developmental processes of sympathetic innervation. The anatomy, neurochemistry, and connections of the sympathetic prevertebral ganglia with different parts of the gut are considered in adult organisms during prenatal and postnatal development and aging. The processes and mechanisms that control the development of sympathetic neurons, including their migratory pathways, neuronal differentiation, and aging, are reviewed.

“…Sensitive and sympathetic innervation of internal organs in postnatal development and under experimental influence was investigated in the works of Valentin V. Shilkin , Valentina V. Porseva (Porseva et al, 2017), Andrey Emanuilov et al (2008), Petr M. Masliukov . Petr Masliukov, a former PhD student of Nozdrachev, carried out a comprehensive study of the patterns of age‐related changes in the innervation of internal organs; he described in detail the morphological, neurochemical and functional characteristics of the neurons of the ANS in postnatal ontogenesis (Masliukov, 2001; Masliukov et al, 2000a, 2000b, 2016). Nozdrachev and Masliukov obtained new data on the age‐related characteristics of neuropeptide regulation of internal organs in postnatal ontogenesis, in particular, the role of neuropeptide Y in the ANS (Nozdrachev & Masliukov, 2011).…”

Section: Russian Autonomic Research During the Soviet And Post‐soviet...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief history of Russian research on the autonomic nervous system

Nozdrachev

2022

The first information on the structure and function of the autonomic nervous system dates back to the time of Galen (second century), while the beginning of the study of the autonomic nervous system in Russia can be traced back to the mid‐19th century. This review is devoted to the professional achievements of Russian researchers in the 19th and 20th centuries who were active in the field of the autonomic nervous system at different stages of the development of neuromorphology and neurophysiology. In addition, recent achievements of modern Russian researchers active in this domain are also highlighted. This review is mainly devoted to research on the autonomic nervous system in Russia, but it would be unfair not to mention the scientists who made a significant contribution to this field of science and worked in the republics of the former USSR. Russian morphology and physiology developed under the significant influence of well‐known western scientific schools. I sincerely hope that cooperation between Russian and foreign colleagues will continue and will be fruitful for global science.