Age differences in fluid and crystallized intelligence

Horn, John L.; Cattell, Raymond B.

doi:10.1016/0001-6918(67)90011-x

Cited by 1,154 publications

(715 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These results provide an intriguing parallel with studies that have indicated preserved crystallized cognition during normal aging (Horn and Cattell, 1967;Crawford et al, 2001;Craik and Bialystok, 2006), in Alzheimer's dementia (McGurn et al, 2004), depression (Crawford et al, 1987) and schizophrenia (O'Carroll et al, 1992), and suggest that performance on tests of crystallized cognition might be useful for estimating levels of premorbid cognitive ability in delirium. These findings also suggest that different cognitive domains may not be equally affected in delirium, and contribute new information to the under-researched field of the neuropsychology of delirium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Furthermore, these two dimensions of cognition show different developmental trajectories over time: fluid cognition develops rapidly until early adulthood and subsequently shows a 4 steady decline, whereas crystallized cognition shows a more gradual pattern of growth but is then maintained or increases throughout older adulthood (Horn and Cattell, 1967;Craik and Bialystok, 2006). This stability of crystallized cognition in the face of declines in fluid processing abilities means that patients' performance on tests of crystallized cognition can be used to reliably estimate their premorbid levels of functioning (Crawford et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential effects of delirium on fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities

Brown

Ferner

Robertson

et al. 2011

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

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Patients with delirium (acute confusional state) show extensive cognitive deficits. These deficits have typically been measured using tests of fluid cognition, which involve the active processing of mental representations. However, the effects of delirium on stored, crystallized dimensions of cognition, such as well-learnt word pronunciation knowledge, are not known.In this study 37 patients (aged 60-85 years) without delirium were recruited before undergoing cardiac surgery. Cognitive assessments were performed 0-8 days before surgery and again 2-9 days after surgery in order to determine the effects of post-operative delirium suggest that the NART may be a useful tool for assessing pre-morbid ability in patients with delirium.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of delirium on fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities

Brown

Ferner

Robertson

et al. 2011

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

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“…On the other side, a different number of overlapped (correlated) factors are assumed (e.g., primary mental abilities; Thurstone, 1938) but a "g"-factor is not supposed because the factor overlap is seen as of subsidiary interest. This view is also the basis of the extended Gf-Gc theory of Horn (Horn, 1994;Horn & Noll, 1997). The competition on the second stage is resolved on the third stage combining both assumptions in the radex model of Guttman (1957Guttman ( , 1965.…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 80%

Modeling the construct validity of the Berlin Intelligence Structure Model

Süß

Beauducel

2015

Estud. psicol. (Campinas)

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Estudos de Psicologia I Campinas I 32(1) I 13-25 I janeiro -março 2015 AbstractThe Berlin Intelligence Structure Model is a hierarchical and faceted model which is originally based on an almost representative sample of tasks found in the literature. Therefore, the Berlin Intelligence Structure Model is an integrative model with a high degree of generality. The present paper investigates the construct validity of this model by using different confirmatory factor analysis models. The results show that the model assumptions are supported only in part by the data. Moreover, it is demonstrated that there are different possibilities to incorporate the Berlin Intelligence Structure Model assumptions into confirmatory factor analysis models. The results are discussed with regard to the validity of the Berlin Intelligence Structure Model test, and the validity of the model. The Berlin Intelligence Structure Model (BIS) of Jäger (1982; is an integrative, hierarchical and faceted model of intelligence. At the most general level, general intelligence ("g") is assumed Keywords

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“…5 Cohort theories posit that socialization occurring during a person's formative years, typically understood to span the period from birth through adolescence, tend to leave an indelible mark that persists over the life course (Mannheim 1952;Ryder 1965). Likewise, crystallized intelligence, including verbal ability, undergoes substantial development during a person's early years, due in part to the learning environments of the home, community, and school (Cattell 1963(Cattell , 1971a(Cattell , 1971bHorn 1982aHorn , 1982bHorn and Cattell 1967;Donaldson 1976, 1980). For the purposes of this research, we define "early life" as the first 15 years of life.…”

Section: Measures Of Word Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%