Age estimation by magnetic resonance imaging of the distal tibial epiphysis and the calcaneum

Saint‐Martin, Pauline; Rérolle, Camille; Dédouit, Fabrice; Bouilleau, L.; Rousseau, Hervé; Rougé, Daniel; Telmon, Norbert

doi:10.1007/s00414-013-0844-5

Cited by 68 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We analyzed the distal tibial and calcaneal epiphysis using the three-stage scoring system described by Saint-Martin et al [13]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of MR imaging of the medial clavicular epiphysis [9][10][11][12], distal tibia and calcaneus [13,14], proximal tibial epiphysis [15], iliac crest [16], hand-wrist [17], and distal femur [18][19][20] has tended to increase in frequency, and research on the use of the medial clavicular epiphysis for age estimation has gained importance. Current data on the distal tibial and calcaneal epiphysis are based only on Xray methods [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study was to enlarge the database on MR analysis of ossification of the distal tibial and calcaneal epiphysis developed by Saint-Martin et al [13]. In this retrospective study, we obtained sex and age information and all medical documents of 198 patients from the data-processing center of the hospital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MR-based data were limited until a new evaluation method was described by Saint-Martin et al [13,14]. The present study was based on the method described by Saint-Martin et al [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging of distal tibia and calcaneus for forensic age estimation in living individuals

et al. 2015

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In recent years, methods by which to decrease radiation exposure during age estimation have gained importance and become a main research area in the forensic sciences. Imaging tools such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT) are accepted as the main diagnostic methods for evaluation of the epiphysis in living individuals; however, radiation exposure and superimposition are the main disadvantages of these techniques. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides an advantage in terms of preventing radiation exposure. In this study, we performed an MR analysis of the degree of fusion of the distal tibia and calcaneal epiphysis and investigated the utility of this technique in the Turkish population. Using the three-stage method described by Saint-Martin et al., we retrospectively evaluated 167 MR images (97 males, 70 females; mean age, 17.7 ± 4.8 years for males and 17.6 ± 4.9 years for females; age range of all subjects, 8-25 years). Intraobserver and interobserver evaluation showed good repeatability and consistency of this method. Stages 2 and 3 ossification of the distal tibial epiphysis first occurred at age 14 and 15 years in males and 12 and 14 years in females, respectively. Stages 2 and 3 ossification of the calcaneal epiphysis first occurred at age 14 and 16 years in males and 10 and 12 years in females, respectively. When performed alone, MR analysis of the distal tibial and calcaneal epiphysis offers limited information for forensic age estimation. However, we suggest that MR analysis can be used as a supportive method when it is necessary to avoid repeated radiation exposure.

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“…We analyzed the distal tibial and calcaneal epiphysis using the three-stage scoring system described by Saint-Martin et al [13]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MR-based data were limited until a new evaluation method was described by Saint-Martin et al [13,14]. The present study was based on the method described by Saint-Martin et al [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging of distal tibia and calcaneus for forensic age estimation in living individuals

et al. 2015

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“…MRI has numerous applications, 5,6 and it will certainly become an important tool in forensic study of the living, particularly for age assessment. This technique presents many advantages compared with MSCT, and, like ultrasound, it is X-ray free.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual anthropology and forensic identification using multidetector CT

Dédouit

Savall²,

Mokrane³

et al. 2014

BJR

110

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Virtual anthropology is made possible by modern cross-sectional imaging. Multislice CT (MSCT) can be used for comparative bone and dental identification, reconstructive identification and lesion identification. Comparative identification, the comparison of ante-and post-mortem imaging data, can be performed on both teeth and bones. Reconstructive identification, a considerable challenge for the radiologist, identifies the deceased by determining sex, geographical origin, stature and age at death. Lesion identification combines virtual autopsy and virtual anthropology. MSCT can be useful in palaeopathology, seeking arthropathy, infection, oral pathology, trauma, tumours, haematological disorders, stress indicators or occupational stress in bones and teeth. We examine some of the possibilities offered by this new radiological subspeciality that adds a new dimension to the work of the forensic radiologist. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial and involves communication and data exchange between radiologists, forensic pathologists, anthropologists and radiographers.Virtual autopsies are currently becoming increasingly common worldwide in forensic medicine.1 Use of multislice CT (MSCT) or multidetector CT (MDCT) before classic medicolegal autopsy gives the forensic pathologist considerable information on injuries and cause of death.2 A recent advance in forensic imaging is post-mortem CT angiography, which yields further information on soft tissues and visceral and vascular injuries. Modern cross-sectional imaging can be used in virtual anthropological studies as well as in virtual autopsy. 4 In biological anthropology, it can be applied to compare bone or dental criteria between species. An important application is forensic anthropology, to obtain positive identification of an unknown decedent. The introduction of imaging in anthropology is of course not new, and many radiographic applications have been already described and published.In virtual anthropology, teeth and bones can be studied by MRI or by MSCT. MRI has numerous applications, 5,6 and it will certainly become an important tool in forensic study of the living, particularly for age assessment. This technique presents many advantages compared with MSCT, and, like ultrasound, it is X-ray free. However, access to MRI in thanatology is currently difficult, mainly because of limited time availability of the machine.The wide range of possibilities offered by MSCT may seem bewildering to a non-radiologist! If an MSCT examination is to give optimal results, many technical conditions must be adhered to in terms of image quality, spatial resolution and contrast. If not, the final images may even be unusable, in particular, for analysis of fine trabecular bone lesions (Figure 1). The initial CTmust be performed with appropriate voltage, amperage, field of view and slice thickness. After acquisition, reconstruction time is critical. Choice of thickness and interval and choice of filters influence voxel size and the possibility of radiological interpretation...

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