Age group athletes in inline skating: decrease in overall and increase in master athlete participation in the longest inline skating race in Europe &amp;ndash; the Inline One-Eleven

Teutsch, Uwe; Knechtle, Beat; Rüst, Christoph Alexander; Rosemann, Thomas; Lepers, Romuald

doi:10.2147/ijgm.s45004

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The present findings in participation and performance in these mountain marathoners competing in the ‘Jungfrau Marathon’ might be specific for Switzerland. Teutsch et al ( 2013 ) investigated participation and performance trends in age group inline skaters competing between 1998 and 2009 in the longest inline race in Europe, the ‘Inline One-Eleven’ over 111 km, which was also held in Switzerland. During the 12-year period, overall participation increased until 2003 but decreased thereafter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative participation in athletes younger than 40 years old decreased while relative participation increased for athletes older than 40 years. The race times of the best female and male skaters stabilized across years (Teutsch et al 2013 ). In the 120-km ultra-endurance mountain bike race the ‘Swiss Bike Masters’ held in Switzerland from 1995 to 2009, similar findings were reported (Gloor et al 2013 ; Haupt et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increase in participation but decrease in performance in age group mountain marathoners in the ‘Jungfrau Marathon’: a Swiss phenomenon?

et al. 2015

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Participation and performance trends for age group marathoners have been investigated for large city marathons such as the ‘New York City Marathon’ but not for mountain marathons. This study investigated participation and trends in performance and sex difference in the mountain marathon ‘Jungfrau Marathon’ held in Switzerland from 2000 to 2014 using single and mixed effects regression analyses. Results were compared to a city marathon (Lausanne Marathon) also held in Switzerland during the same period. Sex difference was calculated using the equation ([race time in women] − [race time in men]/[race time in men] × 100). Changes in sex differences across calendar years and were investigated using linear regression models. In ‘Jungfrau Marathon’, participation in all female and male age groups increased with exception of women in age groups 18–24 and men in age groups 30–34, 40–44 and 60–64 years where participation remained unchanged. In ‘Lausanne Marathon’, participation increased in women in age groups 30–34 to 40–44 years. In men, participation increased in age groups 25–29 to 44–44 years and 50–54 years. In ‘Jungfrau Marathon’ runners became slower across years in age groups 18–24 to 70–74 years. In ‘Lausanne Marathon’, runners became slower across years in age groups 18–24 and 30–34 to 65–69 years, but not for 25–29, 70–74 and 75–79 years. In ‘Jungfrau Marathon’, sex difference increased in age groups 25–29 (from 4 to 10 %) and 60–64 years (from 3 to 8 %) but decreased in age group 40–44 years (from 12 to 6 %). In ‘Lausanne Marathon’, the sex difference showed no changes. In summary, participation increased in most female and male age groups but performance decreased in most age groups for both the mountain marathon ‘Jungfrau Marathon’ and the city marathon ‘Lausanne Marathon’. The sex differences were lower in the ‘Jungfrau Marathon’ (~6–7 %) compared to the ‘Lausanne Marathon’ where the sex difference was ~10–12 % from age groups 18–24 to 55–59 years. These unexpected findings might be a typical Swiss phenomenon. Future studies need to investigate whether this trend can also be found in other endurance sports events held in Switzerland and other mountain marathons held in other countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in participation but decrease in performance in age group mountain marathoners in the ‘Jungfrau Marathon’: a Swiss phenomenon?

et al. 2015

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“…Local reasons can also explain the decrease in participation, since a decrease in participation has also been documented for other sports disciplines held in Switzerland in the last decades. The number of participants in specific line skating races such as 'Inline 111' [27] and specific mountain bike cycling races such as 'Swiss Bike Masters' [26] also decreased. More studies are needed to investigate trends in participation in specific races and/or sports disciplines in specific regions and/or countries.…”

Section: Decrease In Male Participation After 1984mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in participants has been reported mainly due to an increase in female and age group athletes for the Duathlon World Championship [25], for 'Ironman Switzerland' [24], for half-marathoners but not for marathoners [16]. However, in recent decades, world-famous races with a pioneering character such as one of the first mountain bike ultramarathons in the world, the 'Swiss Bike Masters' [26], and the longest inline skating race, the Inline 111' [27], have disappeared. Furthermore, a study investigating master athletes in the '100 km Lauf Biel' showed a decrease in participation of younger age group runners [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation and Performance Trends in the Oldest 100-km Ultramarathon in the World

Knechtle

Scheer

Nikolaidis³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Participation and performance trends in ultramarathon running have been investigated for large datasets and long period of times with an increase in participants and an improvement in performance. However, the analysis of ultramarathons across many decades is missing. We analyzed these trends for 96,036 athletes (88,286 men and 7750 women) from 67 countries competing between 1956 and 2019 in ‘100 km Lauf Biel’ in Switzerland, the oldest 100-km ultramarathon in the world. More men than women participated in all years. The number of male participants reached a peak at around 1985 and a decline in participation occurred thereafter. Women started competing in 1962. Men were always faster than women and both women and men reduced their race times over years. After about 1985, both overall women and men and both female and male winners were not able to improve race times. For men, athletes from all age groups below the age of 49 years old reached a peak of participation in the 1980s, and showed a decrease since then. Regarding age groups, the decrease first started in age group 20–29 years, followed by 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years. For athletes in age groups 70–79 and 80–89 years, no decrease occurred. For women, age group athletes in age groups 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years increased their participation, whereas age groups 20–29 and 30–39 peaked in the late 1980s and started to decrease or stabilize, respectively. Switzerland, Germany, and France were the countries with the highest numbers of participants throughout the history of the race. In men, race times increased after about 1990 for most nationalities; only runners from Germany seemed to stabilize their performance. In women, runners from Italy, France, and Austria improved their performance over the years. In summary, the analysis of the oldest 100-km ultramarathon in the world showed a decrease in participation and an impairment in performance in the last 60 years. These changes were due to a decrease in the number of male ultramarathoners in around the 1980s, where mainly the number of age group runners younger than 70 years decreased.

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“…In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in participation of master athletes and in several age groups athletes also improved performance in different endurance sport disciplines such as marathon (Anthony et al 2014 ; Jokl et al 2004 ) and ultra-marathon running (Jampen et al 2013 ; Rüst et al 2013 ; Zingg et al 2013 ) ultra-cycling (Shoak et al 2013 ), long-distance triathlon such as Ironman triathlon (Lepers et al 2013 ; Stiefel et al 2013 , 2014 ) and Triple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon (Knechtle et al 2012 ), long-distance inline-skating (Teutsch et al 2013 ) and ultra-mountain biking (Haupt et al 2013 ). Although large cross-sectional studies in swimming already investigated changes of age, performance (König et al 2014 ) and sex differences (Wild et al 2014 ) in World Championships, cross- sectional studies investigating participation and performance trends of master backstroke swimmers are missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased participation and improved performance in age group backstroke master swimmers from 25–29 to 100–104 years at the FINA World Masters Championships from 1986 to 2014

et al. 2016

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Participation and performance trends in age group athletes have been investigated for different sport disciplines, but not for master swimmers. The knowledge on this topic is still missing for a particular stroke such as backstroke. Changes in participation and performance of male and female age group backstroke swimmers (≥25 years) competing in 50, 100 and 200 m pool swimming at the FINA World Masters Championships held between 1986 and 2014 were investigated using mixed-effects regression analyses. The overall participation was n = 26,217 including n = 13,708 women and n = 12,509 men. In 50 m, female (age groups 85–89 years; p = 0.002) and male participation (age groups 55–59; p = 0.030 and 80–84 years; p = 0.002) increased, while female participation decreased in age groups 55–59 (p = 0.010) and 60–64 years (p = 0.050). In 100 and 200 m, participation increased in age groups 45–49, 50–54, 65–69, 70–74, 80–84 years. Swimmers in age groups 25–29 to 95–99 years improved performance over all distances. Women were slower than men in age groups 25–29 to 80–84 years, but not in age groups 85–89 to 95–99 years over all distances. In 50 m and 100 m, the sex difference decreased in age groups 40–44 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005), 45–49 (p = 0.017 and p = 0.034), 50–54 (p = 0.002 and p = 0.040), to 55–59 years (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004). In 200 m, the sex difference decreased in age groups 40–44 (p = 0.044) and 90–94 (p = 0.011), but increased in age group 25–29 years (p = 0.006). In summary, in age group backstroke swimmers, (1) participation increased or remained unchanged (except women in age groups 55–59 and 60–64 years in 50 m), (2) swimming performance improved in all age groups from 25–29 to 95–99 years over all distances, (3) men were faster than women in age groups 25–29 to 80–84 years (except age groups 85–89 to 95–99 years) over time and all distances.

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Age group athletes in inline skating: decrease in overall and increase in master athlete participation in the longest inline skating race in Europe – the Inline One-Eleven

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Increase in participation but decrease in performance in age group mountain marathoners in the ‘Jungfrau Marathon’: a Swiss phenomenon?

Increase in participation but decrease in performance in age group mountain marathoners in the ‘Jungfrau Marathon’: a Swiss phenomenon?

Participation and Performance Trends in the Oldest 100-km Ultramarathon in the World

Increased participation and improved performance in age group backstroke master swimmers from 25–29 to 100–104 years at the FINA World Masters Championships from 1986 to 2014

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