Age-related changes of some chemical components in the leaves of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental physiology of sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa Mill.) of different age groups (≥ 25, ≥ 50, ≥ 100, ≥ 200, and ≥ 400) in the Catalzeytin district of Kastamonu, Turkey. For this purpose, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble protein, glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate and starch values, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, and also ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in leaf samples. Hence, significant differences were found in the amounts and concentrations of all types of chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, total soluble protein, glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, starches, MDA, H2O2, APX, CAT, and SOD among the trees of different age groups. While the chlorophyll a value was low in young trees, the chlorophyll b value was low in older trees. It was determined that the MDA content was high in old trees, whereas it was low in young trees. While the amounts of glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, and starch were highest in ≥ 400-year-old trees, they were lowest in the young trees. Both APX and CAT activities were high in young trees, whereas SOD activity was lowest in ≥ 400-year-old trees.

Physiological and molecular characteristics associated with the anti-senescence in Camellia oleifera Abel.

“…Plants also accumulate ROS during aging and when they experience growth stress. Our results indicate that the contents of MDA and H2O2 in leaves of C. oleifera increased with the increase of tree age, which was similar to other studies (Turfan et al 2020). However, the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT antioxidant enzymes in the ancient C. oleifera leaves was significantly higher, similar to the report of Chang et al (2019).…”

“…Chl-binding protein genes were downregulated during the senescence process of Oryza sativa (Park et al 2007) and Gossypium (Kong et al 2013). In this study, the content of Chl (a+b) and Chl a/b as well as the expression levels of nine Chl a/b-binding protein genes were upregulated in ancient C. oleifera leaves, which was similar to the results of previous studies (Lu et al 2001, Turfan et al 2020. These data indicate that the ancient C. oleifera tree leaves have a high content of Chls, along with the increased expression of Chl a/b-binding protein genes, they can maintain plant photosynthesis, support tree growth and development, and delay plant senescence.…”

“…Antioxidant enzymes are critical in the suppression of aging (Liu et al 2022), CAT and POD are specific enzymes that remove H2O2, and SOD mainly scavenges superoxide anion radicals. Additionally, antioxidant-related genes play important roles in removing excess ROS in leaves and delaying the aging of Ginkgo, Platycladus, and other plant species (Li et al 2014, Wang et al 2016, Chang et al 2019, Turfan et al 2020, Yan et al 2021. In general, with the increase of tree age, ROS in plant leaves will increase, which leads to senescence.…”

“…Leaf senescence was closely related to plant senescence (Lim et al 2007). Regarding leaf aging, anatomy, ultrastructure, photosynthetic efficiencies, chemical components, and the expression of agingrelated genes were studied in Platycladus, Ginkgo biloba, and other tree species (Chang et al 2019, Liu et al 2019, Turfan et al 2020, Wang et al 2020, Yan et al 2021. However, research about C. oleifera trees in anti-senescence is scarce.…”

Effects of Fertilization Mode on the Growth of Lactuca sativa L. and Soil Nutrients in Facilitated Cultivation

“…The quality of Lactuca sativa was analyzed under different fertilization treatments. VC content was determined by titration with 2-6 dichloroindophenol [27], SP content was determined by Kormas Brilliant Blue G-250 staining [28], SSs were determined by anthrone colorimetry [29], SSTs were measured by hand-held refractometer [30], nitrogen content was determined by the Kjeldahl method [31], phosphorus content was determined by p-diphenol-sodium sulfite reduction [32], and potassium content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry [33]. Soil indicators were measured on the day the Lactuca sativa was harvested.…”