Age-Related Differences In Cell-Mediated Immunity To Varicella-Zoster Virus Among Children And Adults Immunized With Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine

Nader, Sonia; Bergen, Randy; Sharp, Margaret; Arvin, Ann M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/171.1.13

Cited by 87 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…37 Adults are known to have less effective cell-mediated immune responses to varicella vaccination than children, and this might additionally explain the vaccine failure we observed. 38 That we could not perform detailed immunologic studies before and after vaccination given the retrospective nature of this study is a limitation. There are no prospective controlled studies to guide the timing of live vaccination post-HCT and, thus, recommendations are based on expert opinion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Zoster prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using acyclovir/valacyclovir followed by vaccination

et al. 2016

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Key Points• Two years of antiviral prophylaxis and VZV vaccination reduce the incidence of VZV disease and nearly eliminate post-herpetic neuralgia. Patients who completed the old strategy had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of VZV disease (33% vs 17% at 5 years, P # .01) and PHN (8% vs 0% at 5 years, P 5 .02). In conclusion, VZV prophylaxis with 2 years of acyclovir/valacyclovir followed by vaccination appears to result in a low incidence of VZV disease and may eliminate PHN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Zoster prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using acyclovir/valacyclovir followed by vaccination

et al. 2016

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“…They are able to stimulate the B cells to produce antibody. Some are microbial eradicator and other is able to activate other type of the T cells [17].…”

Section: Helper T Cells (Th Cells)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It essential be noticeable that a operation alike to it planned by Willems was by trial and error evolved in Western Africa, where cattle were immunized with virulent pleuropneumonia tissues; vaccination occasionally provoked exostosis leading to a horny protrusion on the nasal bone. The skulls of such vaccinated animals even led to false recognition of a new species named "Bos triceros" [10,11,17].…”

Section: Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines against Pathogens: A Review and Food For Thought

Amara¹

2016

SOJB

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“…It is possible to investigate both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The tests that have been used to detect cell-mediated responses are ELISPOT [329][330][331][332] , flow cytometry [333,334] , hypersensitivity skin tests [306,[335][336][337] , and T cell cytokine response tests [338] , but these have mainly been used to test the response to vaccination [294,[339][340][341] . For example, a positive response to ELISPOT has been found in 90% of subjects one year after vaccination, and in 87% after five years [338] ; the response is greater after two doses than after one dose [294,339,340] .…”

Section: Labotoristic Determination Of Immune Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Paschale

Clerici

2016

WJV

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Varicella-zoster virus, which is responsible for varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles), is ubiquitous and causes an acute infection among children, especially those aged less than six years. As 90% of adults have had varicella in childhood, it is unusual to encounter an infected pregnant woman but, if the disease does appear, it can lead to complications for both the mother and fetus or newborn. The major maternal complications include pneumonia, which can lead to death if not treated. If the virus passes to the fetus, congenital varicella syndrome, neonatal varicella (particularly serious if maternal rash appears in the days immediately before or after childbirth) or herpes zoster in the early years of life may occur depending on the time of infection. A Microbiology laboratory can help in the diagnosis and management of mother-child infection at four main times: (1) when a pregnant woman has been exposed to varicella or herpes zoster, a prompt search for specific antibodies can determine whether she is susceptible to, or protected against infection; (2) when a pregnant woman develops clinical symptoms consistent with varicella, the diagnosis is usually clinical, but a laboratory can be crucial if the symptoms are doubtful or otherwise unclear (atypical patterns in immunocompromised subjects, patients with post-vaccination varicella, or subjects who have received immunoglobulins), or if there is a need for a differential diagnosis between varicella and other types of dermatoses with vesicle formation; (3) when a prenatal diagnosis of uterine infection is required in order to detect cases of congenital varicella syndrome after the onset of varicella in the mother; and (4) when the baby is born and it is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of varicella (and its complications), make a differential diagnosis between varicella and other diseases with similar symptoms, or confirm a causal relationship between maternal varicella and malformations in a newborn. Core tip: Although varicella during pregnancy is infrequent and congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) is rare, every available means should be used to prevent and diagnose them. Microbiology laboratories can be crucial in these situations: Evaluating a mother's immune status with sensitive and specific tests for the detection of antibodies; allowing a rapid diagnosis with molecular biology tests when a clinical manifestation may be due to different etiologies; following pregnant women with varicella for the prenatal diagnosis of CVS with close collaboration between molecular biology investigators and specialists in imaging diagnostics.De Paschale M, Clerici P. Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection. World

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Age-Related Differences In Cell-Mediated Immunity To Varicella-Zoster Virus Among Children And Adults Immunized With Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine

Cited by 87 publications

References 25 publications

Zoster prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using acyclovir/valacyclovir followed by vaccination

Zoster prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using acyclovir/valacyclovir followed by vaccination

Vaccines against Pathogens: A Review and Food For Thought

Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

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