Age, sex and individual differences in punishment sensitivity: Factors influencing the feedback‐related negativity

Santesso, Diane L.; Dzyundzyak, Angela; Segalowitz, Sidney J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01229.x

Cited by 91 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…As yet, there is little consistent evidence as to whether the FRN is substantially different in adolescent boys compared to girls. Yi et al [29] reported that males had larger (more negative) FRNs than females in feedback on a gambling task, whereas Santesso et al [26], using a similar task, reported the opposite finding. However, neither of these two studies found age differences in the FRN in comparison to their adult group, nor did they find any sex-by-age interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The EEG was rereferenced using averaged mastoids, and data were divided into 1,200-ms epoch beginning 200 ms before the feedback. The epochs were filtered (1-30 Hz) [for a similar approach, see [26,28,30]] and baseline corrected using the 200-ms prefeedback interval. Any sweep in which the ERP amplitude exceeded ±50 µV was discarded from further analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only a small number of studies have used FRN recordings to investigate human DA circuitry in adolescents [25,26,27,28,29,30], and even fewer have examined gender differences in this population [26,29]. Two studies, one from our laboratory with an all-male sample who participated in a gambling game [28] and the other with a mixed gender sample using a probabilistic learning paradigm [27], have shown that adolescents have larger FRNs than adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feedback Processing in Adolescence: An Event-Related Potential Study of Age and Gender Differences

2014

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Adolescence has frequently been characterized as a period of increased risk taking, which may be largely driven by maturational changes in neural areas that process incentives. To investigate age- and gender-related differences in reward processing, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 80 participants in a gambling game, in which monetary wins and losses were either large or small. We measured two ERP components: the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the feedback P3 (fP3). The FRN was sensitive to the size of a win in both adult (aged 23-35 years) and adolescent (aged 13-17 years) males, but not in females. Small wins appeared to be less rewarding for males than for females, which may in part explain more approach-driven behavior in males in general. Furthermore, adolescent boys showed both delayed FRNs to high losses and less differentiation in FRN amplitude between wins and losses in comparison to girls. The fP3, which is thought to index the salience of the feedback at a more conscious level than the FRN, was also larger in boys than in girls. Taken together, these results imply that higher levels of risk taking that are commonly reported in adolescent males may be driven both by hypersensitivity to high rewards and insensitivity to punishment or losses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feedback Processing in Adolescence: An Event-Related Potential Study of Age and Gender Differences

2014

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“…From research on individuals with depression (Tucker, Luu, Frishkoff, Quiring, & Poulsen, 2003) and healthy individuals with selfreported feedback sensitivity ratings Santesso et al, 2011), it is evident that the amplitude of the FRN differs between individuals in general (see van Noordt & Segalowitz, 2012, for a review). Accordingly, toddlers who show a smaller differential brain response to feedback on their actions might be, in general, less sensitive to feedback rather than reflecting a relatively immature feedback processing system.…”

Section: Functionality Of the Developing Feedback Processing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Feedback Processing in Toddlers

Meyer

Bekkering

Janssen

et al. 2014

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ External feedback provides essential information for successful learning. Feedback is especially important for learning in early childhood, as toddlers strongly rely on external signals to determine the consequences of their actions. In adults, many electrophysiological studies have elucidated feedback processes using a neural marker called the feedback-related negativity (FRN). The neural generator of the FRN is assumed to be the ACC, located in medial frontal cortex. As frontal brain regions are the latest to mature during brain development, it is unclear when in early childhood a functional feedback system develops. Is feedback differentiated on a neural level in toddlers and in how far is neural feedback processing related to childrenʼs behavioral adjustment? In an EEG experiment, we addressed these questions by measuring the brain activity and behavioral performance of 2.5-year-old toddlers while they played a feedback-guided game on a touchscreen. Electrophysiological results show differential brain activity for feedback with a more negative deflection for incorrect than correct outcomes, resembling the adult FRN. This provides the first neural evidence for feedback processing in toddlers. Notably, FRN amplitudes were predictive of adaptive behavior: the stronger the differential brain activity for feedback, the better the toddlersʼ adaptive performance during the game. Thus, already in early childhood toddlersʼ feedback-guided performance directly relates to the functionality of their neural feedback processing. Implications for early feedback-based learning as well as structural and functional brain development are discussed. ■

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“…2. Some toddlers who show weaker signals might just be less sensitive to feedback in general [5]. For these toddlers, socks have to be very, very different in order for them to see that they do not match.…”

Section: Brain Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%