Aggregation-Based Bacterial Separation with Gram-Positive Selectivity by Using a Benzoxaborole-Modified Dendrimer

Abstract

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria have become a critical global issue in recent years. The inefficacy of antimicrobial agents against AMR bacteria has led to increased difficulty in treating many infectious diseases. Analyses of the environmental distribution of bacteria are important for monitoring the AMR problem, and a rapid as well as viable pH- and temperature-independent bacterial separation method is required for collecting and concentrating bacteria from environmental samples. Thus, we aimed to develop a useful and selective bacterial separation method using a chemically synthesized nanoprobe. The metal-free benzoxaborole-based dendrimer probe BenzoB-PAMAM(+), which was synthesized from carboxy-benzoxaborole and a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer, could help achieve Gram-positive bacterial separation by recognizing Gram-positive bacterial surfaces over a wide pH range, leading to the formation of large aggregations. The recognition site of benzoxaborole has a desirable high acidity and may therefore be responsible for the improved Gram-positive selectivity. The Gram-positive bacterial aggregation was then successfully collected by using a 10 μm membrane filter, with Gram-negative bacteria remaining in the filtrate solution. BenzoB-PAMAM(+) will thus be useful for application in biological analyses and could contribute to further investigations of bacterial distributions in environmental soil or water.

Plant‐Derived Coumarins: A Narrative Review of Their Structural and Biomedical Diversity

“…[14] NPs are formed by the process of biosynthesis of SMs, which is taken from the basic activities of the cycle of photosynthesis, the breakdown of glucose, and the Krebs cycle in order to supply biosynthetic precursors. [15] SMs have been demonstrated to have a wide range of beneficial effects [16] because of their abilities to shield plants from infections stemming from their descriptions as antiviral, antibiotic, and antifungal. In addition, they are significant UV-absorbing substances that preserve leaves from harmful light damage.…”

“…SMs are produced either as a result of a living being compatible with its surroundings or as an alternative defense technique against attackers to aid in the organism‘s survival [14] . NPs are formed by the process of biosynthesis of SMs, which is taken from the basic activities of the cycle of photosynthesis, the breakdown of glucose, and the Krebs cycle in order to supply biosynthetic precursors [15] . SMs have been demonstrated to have a wide range of beneficial effects [16] because of their abilities to shield plants from infections stemming from their descriptions as antiviral, antibiotic, and antifungal.…”