Aggregation of Cyclodextrins: Fundamental Issues and Applications

Cova, Tânia F.G.G.; Cruz, Sandra M. A.; Valente, Artur J.M.; Abreu, Paulo E.; Marques, Jorge M. C.; Pais, Alberto A. C. C.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.73532

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…The native CDs and their complexes form cage-like or channel-like structures [51,157,158]. Cage type structures can be further broken down into "herringbone" and "brick wall" [51] structures, and channel type can further be broken down into different orientations (head-to-head, or head-to-tail) [159,160].…”

Section: Self-assembly and Aggregation Of Cyclodextrins And Their Com...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, circular dichroism is sensitive to the turbidity of a solution, and is therefore extremely sensitive to CD aggregation [167], which may cause turbidity in the solution [168]. However, DLS and electron transmission microscopy have given reliable results pertaining to CD aggregation [157].…”

Section: Self-assembly and Aggregation Of Cyclodextrins And Their Com...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclodextrins: Structural, Chemical, and Physical Properties, and Applications

et al. 2021

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Due to their unique structural, physical and chemical properties, cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been of great interest to scientists and researchers in both academia and industry for over a century. Many of the industrial applications of cyclodextrins have arisen from their ability to encapsulate, either partially or fully, other molecules, especially organic compounds. Cyclodextrins are non-toxic oligopolymers of glucose that help to increase the solubility of organic compounds with poor aqueous solubility, can mask odors from foul-smelling compounds, and have been widely studied in the area of drug delivery. In this review, we explore the structural and chemical properties of cyclodextrins that give rise to this encapsulation (i.e., the formation of inclusion complexes) ability. This review is unique from others written on this subject because it provides powerful insights into factors that affect cyclodextrin encapsulation. It also examines these insights in great detail. Later, we provide an overview of some industrial applications of cyclodextrins, while emphasizing the role of encapsulation in these applications. We strongly believe that cyclodextrins will continue to garner interest from scientists for many years to come, and that novel applications of cyclodextrins have yet to be discovered.

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Section: Self-assembly and Aggregation Of Cyclodextrins And Their Com...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Self-assembly and Aggregation Of Cyclodextrins And Their Com...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrins: Structural, Chemical, and Physical Properties, and Applications

et al. 2021

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“…The use of γ-CD is not very common because it is expensive and the size of the inner cavity is too large, leading to weak host-guest interactions [147]. Even so, some works report combinations of the largest natural CD with polysaccharides.…”

Section: Chitosan-based Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin Polymers and Cyclodextrin-Containing Polysaccharides for Water Remediation

et al. 2021

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Chemical pollution of water has raised great concerns among citizens, lawmakers, and nearly all manufacturing industries. As the legislation addressing liquid effluents becomes more stringent, water companies are increasingly scrutinized for their environmental performance. In this context, emergent contaminants represent a major challenge, and the remediation of water bodies and wastewater demands alternative sorbent materials. One of the most promising adsorbing materials for micropolluted water environments involves cyclodextrin (CD) polymers and cyclodextrin-containing polysaccharides. Although cyclodextrins are water-soluble and, thus, unusable as adsorbents in aqueous media, they can be feasibly polymerized by using different crosslinkers such as epichlorohydrin, polycarboxylic acids, and glutaraldehyde. Likewise, with those coupling agents or after substituting hydroxyl groups with more reactive moieties, cyclodextrin units can be covalently attached to a pre-existing polysaccharide. In this direction, the functionalization of chitosan, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and other carbohydrate polymers with CDs is vastly found in the literature. For the system containing CDs to be used for remediation purposes, there are benefits from a synergy that arises from (i) the ability of CD units to interact selectively with a broad spectrum of molecules, forming inclusion complexes and higher-order supramolecular assemblies, (ii) the functional groups of the crosslinker comonomers, (iii) the three-dimensional structure of the crosslinked network, and/or (iv) the intrinsic characteristics of the polysaccharide backbone. In view of the most recent contributions regarding CD-based copolymers and CD-containing polysaccharides, this review discusses their performance as adsorbents in micropolluted water environments, as well as their interaction patterns, addressing the influence of their structural and physicochemical properties and their functionalization.

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“…This is supported by the fact the complexation is enthalpy-driven [13]. The complexation of Gly-L-Phen with other guests, such as cucurbit [6]uril and αcyclodextrin [14,15], has also been reported [16]. The experiments involving the cucurbit [6]uril were carried out in aqueous solutions of formic acid (50 v/v %), leading to a complex formation with association constant 1122, also an enthalpy-driven process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%