Aging effect of two decade old technologies of bean stem maggot (Ophiomyia spp.) management options in Ethiopia: Baseline information generation for future research direction

Abstract

Haricot beans are the most important food and cash crop for most of the Ethiopian farmers. However, bean stem maggot (BSM) (Ophiomyia species) is limiting the production of the crop particularly in dry areas. Three species are involved in the infestation: Ophiomyia phaseoli, Ophiomyia spencerlla and Ophiomyia centrosematis. Two decades ago, two management options of BSM were developed and used for the last twenty years. However, there is a tendency of decline in effectiveness. Hence, the current experiment was conducted to see the age effect on the efficacy of BSM resistant varieties (Beshbesh and Melkae) and high bean plant population density (400,000 plants ha Test (p<0.05). In all parameters measured, Melkae bean variety become susceptible to BSM and cannot be used any more as a resistant variety. From the result of the experiment, it can be concluded that Beshebeshe bean variety, high plant population and Imdalem seed dressing can be used as integrated management of BSM in Ethiopia in general and study sites in particular.

Screening of Common Bean Genotypes for Their Resistance to Bean Stem Maggot (Ophiomyia Spp.) in Ethiopia

“…However, after a decade and a half, these two varieties were tested for their reaction to BSM in BSM hot spot areas. The results obtained proved that Melkae became susceptible to BSM, while Beshebshe remained resistant to BSM (Mulatwa et al, 2017).…”

“…Various control methods have been recommended for the management of BSM, including the use of resistant varieties such as 'Beshbesh' and 'Melkae' (Tsedeke, 1990), intercropping, foliar insecticide application (Byabagambi et al, 1999), the use of deep straw mulching (Letourneau, 1994), and seed dressing (Byabagambi and Kyamanywa, 1997). Currently, the bean variety 'Melkae', which was previously reported as resistant, is becoming less resistant to BSM (Mulatwa, 2017). Moreover, new materials, both market types, and BSM-resistant varieties are being introduced from CIAT regularly.…”

Treatments of common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with insecticides for managing bean stem maggot [Ophiomyia spp. (Tryon) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] in SNNPR, Ethiopia

“…Among BSM species, O. phaseoli and O. centrosematis are more prevalent in warmer areas, mostly in the south and south western part of the country at the elevation of <1800 m above sea level in Ethiopia (Mulatwa et al, 2017).…”

“…In this regard, the inclination of the year after year production of common bean in Ethiopia asked for a BSM control strategy mainly towards the use of insecticides either as a seed treatment or foliar application since cultural approaches could merely control BSM to a limited extent. In the country, Mulatwa et al (2017) reported that the dominant seed dressing insecticide available for the last 228 Getachew Gudero Mengesha et al /Arch. Agric.…”