Aging, muscle fiber type, and contractile function in sprint-trained athletes

Korhonen, Mikko; Cristea, Alexander; Alén, Markku; Häkkinen, Keijo; Sipilä, Sarianna; Mero, Antti; Viitasalo, Jukka T.; Larsson, Lars; Suominen, Harri

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00299.2006

Cited by 255 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The present finding that the relative capacity for rapid force production was lower in the old compared to the young men is in agreement with previous studies examining the dorsiflexors (Klass et al 2008) and the leg extensors (Korhonen et al 2006). However, other previous studies have reported that relative RTD or RFD is preserved in older men for the plantar flexors (Thelen et al 1996), dorsiflexors (Thelen et al 1996), leg extensors , and leg flexors .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Age-related changes in the rate of muscle activation and rapid force characteristics

Thompson

Ryan

Herda

et al. 2013

AGE

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Declines in muscle size and strength are commonly reported as a consequence of aging; however, few studies have investigated the influence of aging on the rate of muscle activation and rapid force characteristics across the lifespan. This study aims to investigate the effects of aging on the rate of muscle activation and rapid force characteristics of the plantar flexors. Plantar flexion peak force (PF), absolute (peak, 50, and 100-200 ms), and relative (10 %, 30 %, and 50 %) rate of force development (RFD), the rapid to maximal force ratio (RFD/PF), and the rate of electromyography rise (RER) were examined during an isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in young (age = 22 ± 2 years), middle-aged (43± 2 years), and old (69± 5 years) men. The old men exhibited lower PF (30.7 % and 27.6 % lower, respectively) and absolute (24.4-55.1 %) and relative (16.4-28.9 %) RFD values compared to the young and middle-aged men (P≤0.03).RER values were similar between the young and old men (P≥0.30); however, RER values were greater for the middle-aged men when compared to the young and old men for the soleus (P<0.01) and the old men for the medial gastrocnemius (P≤0.02). Likewise, RFD/PF ratios were similar between young and old men (P≥0.26); however, these ratios were greater for the middle-aged men at early (P≤0.03), but not later (P≥0.10), time intervals. The lower PF and absolute and relative RFD values for the old men may contribute to the increased functional limitations often observed in older adults. Interestingly, higher rates of muscle activation and greater early RFD/PF ratios in middle-aged men may be a reflection of physiological alterations in the neuromuscular system occurring in the fifth decade.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Age-related changes in the rate of muscle activation and rapid force characteristics

Thompson

Ryan

Herda

et al. 2013

AGE

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“…1). The study was part of a larger research program on the effects of age and long-term sprint training on musculoskeletal characteristics and neuromuscular function among male masters athletes [8,17]. Athletes with a long-term training background and success in international or national masters sprint events (n = 111) were contacted by a personal letter.…”

Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a 20-week high-intensity strength and sprint training program on tibial bone structure and strength in middle-aged and older male sprint athletes: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2017

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Effects of a 20-week high-intensity strength and sprint training program on tibial bone structure and strength in middle-aged and older male sprint athletes : a randomized controlled trial Suominen, Tuuli; Korhonen, Marko; Alén, M.; Heinonen, Ari; Mero, Antti; Törmäkangas, Timo; Suominen, Harri Suominen, T., Korhonen, M., Alén, M., Heinonen, A., Mero, A., Törmäkangas, T., & Suominen, H. (2017). Effects of a 20-week high-intensity strength and sprint training program on tibial bone structure and strength in middle-aged and older male sprint athletes : a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporosis International, 28 (9) AcknowledgmentsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Martti J.Koljonen in designing the training program. We would also like to thank Timo Annala, Milan Sedliak, Leena Hakola and Risto Puurtinen for valuable technical assistance with the data collection and analysis, and all the athletes participating in this study. The study was supported by grants from the Academy of Finland (250683) AbstractSummary This randomized, controlled, high-intensity strength and sprint training trial in middle-aged and older male sprint athletes showed significant improvements in mid-tibial structure and strength. The study reveals the adaptability of aging bone, suggesting that through a novel, intensive training stimulus it is possible to strengthen bones during aging.Introduction High-load, high-speed and impact-type exercise may be an efficient way of

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“…Serial 8-m-thick transverse sections were cut on a cryomicrotome (Leica CM 3000) at Ϫ24°C. Fiber type was classified by staining using myofibrillar ATPase method according to the earlier study (31). Fiber sarcolemma was visualized with an antibody against dystrophin (DYS2, Novocastra Laboratories) using avidin-biotin peroxidase kit (Vectastain PK-4002, Vector Laboratories) with diaminobenzidine (Abbott Laboratories) as a chromogen.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men

Hulmi¹,

Tannerstedt²,

Selänne³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

124

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Hulmi JJ, Tannerstedt J, Selä nne H, Kainulainen H, Kovanen V, Mero AA. Resistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men. J Appl Physiol 106: 1720 -1729. First published March 19, 2009 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00087.2009.-Signaling pathways sense local and systemic signals and regulate muscle hypertrophy. The effects of whey protein ingestion on acute and long-term signaling responses of resistance exercise are not well known. Previously untrained young men were randomized into protein (n ϭ 9), placebo (n ϭ 9), and control (n ϭ 11) groups. Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies were taken before and 1 h and 48 h after a leg press of 5 ϫ 10 repetitions [resistance exercise (RE)] and after 21 wk (2 times per week) of resistance training (RT). Protein (15 g of whey) or nonenergetic placebo was ingested before and after a single RE bout and each RE workout throughout the RT. The protein group increased its body mass and VL muscle thickness (measured by ultrasonography) already at week 10.5 (P Ͻ 0.05). At week 21, the protein and placebo groups had similarly increased their myofiber size. No changes were observed in the nonexercised controls. However, the phosphorylation of p70 S6K and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) were increased at 1 h post-RE measured by Western blotting, the former being the greatest with protein ingestion. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was increased after the RE bout and RT only in the protein group, whereas the protein ingestion prevented the post-RE decrease in phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (p-4E-BP1). Akt phosphorylation decreased after RT, whereas no change was observed in phosphorylated eukaryotic elongation factor 2. A post-RE decrease in muscle myostatin protein occurred only in the placebo group. The results indicate that resistance exercise rapidly increases mTOR signaling and may decrease myostatin protein expression in muscle and that whey protein increases and prolongs the mTOR signaling response.hypertrophy; training; nutrition; S6K1; skeletal muscle ADEQUATE MUSCLE MASS is crucial for human well-being. It is, therefore, important to identify the mechanisms that stimulate muscle hypertrophy or prevent atrophy. The most efficient way to increase the size of a skeletal muscle is by resistance training (RT) in combination with protein-containing nutrition. Muscle hypertrophy due to RT and protein nutrition seems largely to result from cumulative acute increases in muscle protein synthesis. One resistance exercise (RE) bout can within 1 h increase muscle protein synthesis (9), which can last up to 72 h after exercise (39). Protein ingestion before or after a bout of RE has been shown to significantly enhance this response (52) and be possibly more beneficial in terms of muscle hypertrophy than nutrient ingestion at other times of day (7, 11). It would thus be important to understand how protein ingestion affects pathways regulating intracellular hypertrophy of muscle in the context ...

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Aging, muscle fiber type, and contractile function in sprint-trained athletes

Cited by 255 publications

References 77 publications

Age-related changes in the rate of muscle activation and rapid force characteristics

Age-related changes in the rate of muscle activation and rapid force characteristics

Effects of a 20-week high-intensity strength and sprint training program on tibial bone structure and strength in middle-aged and older male sprint athletes: a randomized controlled trial

Resistance exercise with whey protein ingestion affects mTOR signaling pathway and myostatin in men

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