Aging Rate, Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, and Constitutive Sensitivity to Lipid Peroxidation: Insights From Comparative Studies

Pamplona, Reinald; Barja, Gustavo

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0667-4_4

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The available estimates of delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase activities indicate that they are several folds lower in long-lived species than in short-lived ones (Pamplona et al 2002a, b, c;Pamplona and Barja 2003). This can explain why 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 decreases and 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 increases, from short-to longlived animals, since desaturases are the rate-limiting enzymes of the n-3 and n-6 pathways synthesizing the highly unsaturated PUFAs 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 from their dietary precursors, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, respectively.…”

Section: Membrane Unsaturation and Animal Longevitymentioning

confidence: 98%

An evolutionary comparative scan for longevity-related oxidative stress resistance mechanisms in homeotherms

Pamplona

Barja

2011

Biogerontology

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Key mechanisms relating oxidative stress to longevity from an interespecies comparative approach are reviewed. Long-lived animal species show low rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage at their mitochondria. Comparative physiology also shows that the specific compositional pattern of tissue macromolecules (proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) in long-lived animal species gives them an intrinsically high resistance to modification that likely contributes to their superior longevity. This is obtained in the case of lipids by decreasing the degree of fatty acid unsaturation, and in the case of proteins by lowering their methionine content. These findings are also substantiated from a phylogenomic approach. Nutritional or/and pharmacological interventions focused to modify some of these molecular traits were translated with modifications in animal longevity. It is proposed that natural selection tends to decrease the mitochondrial ROS generation and to increase the molecular resistance to the oxidative damage in long-lived species.

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Section: Membrane Unsaturation and Animal Longevitymentioning

confidence: 98%

An evolutionary comparative scan for longevity-related oxidative stress resistance mechanisms in homeotherms

Pamplona

Barja

2011

Biogerontology

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“…At the same time that the fatty acid composition of membranes from a variety of mammalian tissues was related to variation in BMR (69,158,159), Pamplona and colleagues (266,271,272,(275)(276)(277) also measured the membrane fatty acid composition of a number of mammalian tissues and related it to MLSP of the particular species. Thus the novel and unexpected finding that the composition of membrane bilayers varies systematically in mammals provided a link between metabolic rate and maximum life span of mammalian species.…”

Section: Membrane Composition Lipid Peroxidation Body Size and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recently it has been shown that one aspect of cell composition, namely, membrane fatty acid composition, does vary in a systematic manner with body size in mammals (69,164) and in birds (37,162). It has also been shown that membrane fatty acid composition is related to MLSP (266,271,272,(275)(276)(277). These observations, when combined with the long-known differences in susceptibility of different fatty acids to peroxidative damage (148), were seminal in the development of the "homeoviscouslongevity" membrane theory (267) and the later "membrane-pacemaker" theory of aging (155).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Life and Death: Metabolic Rate, Membrane Composition, and Life Span of Animals

Hulbert¹,

Pamplona²,

Buffenstein

et al. 2007

Physiological Reviews

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765

725

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Maximum life span differences among animal species exceed life span variation achieved by experimental manipulation by orders of magnitude. The differences in the characteristic maximum life span of species was initially proposed to be due to variation in mass-specific rate of metabolism. This is called the rate-of-living theory of aging and lies at the base of the oxidative-stress theory of aging, currently the most generally accepted explanation of aging. However, the rate-of-living theory of aging while helpful is not completely adequate in explaining the maximum life span. Recently, it has been discovered that the fatty acid composition of cell membranes varies systematically between species, and this underlies the variation in their metabolic rate. When combined with the fact that 1) the products of lipid peroxidation are powerful reactive molecular species, and 2) that fatty acids differ dramatically in their susceptibility to peroxidation, membrane fatty acid composition provides a mechanistic explanation of the variation in maximum life span among animal species. When the connection between metabolic rate and life span was first proposed a century ago, it was not known that membrane composition varies between species. Many of the exceptions to the rate-of-living theory appear explicable when the particular membrane fatty acid composition is considered for each case. Here we review the links between metabolic rate and maximum life span of mammals and birds as well as the linking role of membrane fatty acid composition in determining the maximum life span. The more limited information for ectothermic animals and treatments that extend life span (e.g., caloric restriction) are also reviewed.

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“…The available estimates of delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase activities indicate that they are several folds lower in long-lived species than in short-lived ones. [25,59,61,89] This can explain why e.g. 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 decreases and 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 increases, from shortto long-lived animals, since desaturases are the ratelimiting enzymes of the n-3 and n-6 pathways synthesizing correlations between longevity and fatty acid composition.…”

Section: Mechanism Responsible For the Longevity-related Differences mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Membrane Unsaturation as Antioxidant Adaptive Mechanism in Long-lived Animal Species

Naudí

Jové

Ayala

et al. 2011

Free Radicals and Antioxidants

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Oxidative stress resulting from biomolecular oxidative damage due to the imbalance between reactive species production and antioxidant response has become an universal constraint of life-history evolution in animals and a modulator of phenotypic development and trade-offs. Redox balance is an important selective pressure faced by most organisms, and a myriad of mechanisms have evolved to regulate and adjust this balance. This diversity of mechanisms means that organisms have a great deal of flexibility in how they deal with reactive species challenges across time, conditions, and tissue types, as well as that different organisms may evolve different strategies for dealing with similar challenges. In the following paragraphs, we review the adaption of biological membranes as structural antioxidant defense against reactive species evolved by animals. In particular, it is our goal to describe the physiological mechanisms underlying the structural adaption of cellular membranes to oxidative stress, to explain the meaning of this adaptive mechanism, and to review the state of the art about the link between membrane composition and longevity of animal species.

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Aging Rate, Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, and Constitutive Sensitivity to Lipid Peroxidation: Insights From Comparative Studies

Cited by 18 publications

References 84 publications

An evolutionary comparative scan for longevity-related oxidative stress resistance mechanisms in homeotherms

An evolutionary comparative scan for longevity-related oxidative stress resistance mechanisms in homeotherms

Life and Death: Metabolic Rate, Membrane Composition, and Life Span of Animals

Regulation of Membrane Unsaturation as Antioxidant Adaptive Mechanism in Long-lived Animal Species

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