Aging-related changes in fluid intelligence, muscle and adipose mass, and sex-specific immunologic mediation: A longitudinal UK Biobank study

Klinedinst, Brandon S.; Pappas, Colleen; Le, Scott T.; Shi, Yu; Wang, Qian; Wang, Li; Allenspach‐Jorn, Karin; Mochel, Jonathan P.; Willette, Auriel A.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.008

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…First, although aging is associated with declined cognitive function including Fluid intelligence, there are a lot of noises in this association (please also refer to our response to reviewer's 4th question). For example, researchers using UK Biobank have reported that there was a weak association between chronological age and Fluid intelligence score 32 . Second, RBA is independent of the chronological age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of relative brain age with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variants

Ning

Zhao

Matloff

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

143

151

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Brain age is a metric that quantifies the degree of aging of a brain based on whole-brain anatomical characteristics. While associations between individual human brain regions and environmental or genetic factors have been investigated, how brain age is associated with those factors remains unclear. We investigated these associations using UK Biobank data. We first trained a statistical model for obtaining relative brain age (RBA), a metric describing a subject's brain age relative to peers, based on whole-brain anatomical measurements, from training set subjects (n = 5,193). We then applied this model to evaluation set subjects (n = 12,115) and tested the association of RBA with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variants. We found that daily or almost daily consumption of tobacco and alcohol were both significantly associated with increased RBA (P < 0.001). We also found SNPs significantly associated with RBA (p-value < 5E-8). The SNP most significantly associated with RBA is located in MApt gene. our results suggest that both environmental and genetic factors are associated with structural brain aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of relative brain age with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variants

Ning

Zhao

Matloff

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

143

151

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“…WHR gives more information about the distribution of fat across the body, but still does not give the complete picture. Direct imaging of WAT and muscle mass showed that while lean muscle mass was associated with better fluid intelligence, non-visceral WAT was associated with worse fluid intelligence ( Klinedinst et al, 2019 ). Non-visceral WAT and VAT have different metabolic effects, which might explain the different effects of obesity indices on cognition ( Kiliaan et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Obesity and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, peripheral inflammation markers are inversely associated with cognition. Higher lean muscle mass and lower non-VAT and VAT mass were associated with better fluid intelligence in older adults, and was mediated by circulating leukocytes ( Klinedinst et al, 2019 ). Serum inflammation markers are also associated with structural changes in the brain.…”

Section: Adipokines Inflammation and Cognition In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cerebrovascular Function: Link Between Obesity and Cognition

2021

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Obesity affects 13% of the adult population worldwide and this number is only expected to increase. Obesity is known to have a negative impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health, but it also impacts brain structure and function; it is associated with both gray and white matter integrity loss, as well as decreased cognitive function, including the domains of executive function, memory, inhibition, and language. Especially midlife obesity is associated with both cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing dementia at later age. However, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully revealed. Here, we review recent literature (published between 2010 and March 2021) and discuss the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition, with a main focus on the contributions of the gut microbiome, white adipose tissue (WAT), inflammation, and cerebrovascular function. Obesity-associated changes in gut microbiota composition may cause increased gut permeability and inflammation, therewith affecting cognitive function. Moreover, excess of WAT in obesity produces pro-inflammatory adipokines, leading to a low grade systemic peripheral inflammation, which is associated with decreased cognition. The blood-brain barrier also shows increased permeability, allowing among others, peripheral pro-inflammatory markers to access the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, especially in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. Altogether, the interaction between the gut microbiota, WAT inflammation, and cerebrovascular integrity plays a significant role in the link between obesity and cognition. Future research should focus more on the interplay between gut microbiota, WAT, inflammation and cerebrovascular function to obtain a better understanding about the complex link between obesity and cognitive function in order to develop preventatives and personalized treatments.

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“…Serum biomarkers were computed as average individual levels over 2 visits spanning 4 years. As we have recently demonstrated (27), this method produces superior goodness-of-fit while increasing testing power and elucidating relationships between variables more robustly by capturing both within-participant variation (28) and between-participant variation over time (29,30).…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking in the Light: How History of Physical Activity, Sunlight, and Vitamin D Account for Body Fat—A UK Biobank Study

Klinedinst

Meier

Larsen

et al. 2020

Obesity

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Objective: The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and obesity drives the need for successful strategies that elevate vitamin D levels, prevent adipogenesis, and stimulate lipolysis. This study provides a theoretical model to evaluate how physical activity (PA) and sunlight exposure influence serum vitamin D levels and regional adiposity. This study hypothesized a posteriori that sunlight is associated with undifferentiated visceral adiposity by increasing the ratio of brown to white adipose tissue. Methods: Using 10-year longitudinal data, accelerometry, a sun-exposure questionnaire, and regional adiposity quantified by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry imaging, a structural-equation mediation model of growth curves was constructed with a data-driven methodology. Results: Sunlight and PA conjointly increased serum vitamin D. Changes in vitamin D levels partially mediated how sunlight and PA impacted adiposity in visceral and subcutaneous regions within a subjective PA model. In an objective PA model, vitamin D was a mediator for subcutaneous regions only. Interestingly, sunlight was associated with less adiposity in subcutaneous regions but greater adiposity in visceral regions. Conclusions: Sunlight and PA may increase vitamin D levels. For the first time, this study characterizes a positive association between sunlight and visceral adiposity. Further investigation and experimentation are necessary to clarify the physiological role of sunlight exposure on adipose tissue.

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Aging-related changes in fluid intelligence, muscle and adipose mass, and sex-specific immunologic mediation: A longitudinal UK Biobank study

Cited by 18 publications

References 85 publications

Association of relative brain age with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variants

Association of relative brain age with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variants

Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cerebrovascular Function: Link Between Obesity and Cognition

Walking in the Light: How History of Physical Activity, Sunlight, and Vitamin D Account for Body Fat—A UK Biobank Study

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