Agricultural Ammonia Monitoring Technology

Abstract

We report on development of ammonia monitoring technology for confine animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The atmosphere within a CAFO is typically hot with high humidity and often considerable concentrations of ammonia.High levels of particulates are often also present. These conditions present a challenge to conventional ammonia monitoring technologies. Here, we discuss our recent progress on development of a fast, sensitive and robust colorimetric approach for ammonia in this challenging environment.

Development of Integrated Electronics on Silicon-on-Glass (SiOG) Substrate

“…To achieve highly doped n+ source/drain regions, a phosphorus dose of 4×10 15 cm -2 dose was used. At this dose level the silicon will self amorphize, allowing for reasonable (> 80%) activation efficiency at 600 °C [3,5]. To achieve sufficiently doped PFET source/drain regions, a 19 F & 11 B co-implant was required.…”

“…To achieve sufficiently doped PFET source/drain regions, a 19 F & 11 B co-implant was required. A fluorine dose of 3×10 15 cm -2 was implanted to cause pre-amorphization, followed by a 4×10 15 cm -2 boron implant [3,5]. Following the n+ and p+ implants, an LPCVD SiO 2 inter-level dielectric (ILD) was deposited.…”

A Spectrometric Monitor for Control of Ammonia Emissions from Large Animal Agricultural Operations

“…9 In a previous paper we described some of the basic chemistry of a system we are developing for control of ammonia emissions within and from CAFOs. 10 We have demonstrated a unique colorimetric sensor system, capable of monitoring ammonia continuously from less than 1 ppm to hundreds of ppm with negligible interference from most commonly encountered CAFO gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide. In this report, we will discuss several critical aspects of practical sensor function in the CAFO environment, including operation in high humidity, dust and other extreme conditions.…”