Agronomic Traits and Protein Patterns for Some Promising Wheat Semidwarf Mutant Lines

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out to evaluate six mutant lines having a good agronomic potential comparing with their original varieties Sids5, Sids6 and Sids7. The results showed significant decrease in plant height for all semidwarf mutant lines. The reduction of plant height reached to 19.83% comparing with the original varieties. Some semidwarf mutant lines (line 5-1, line 6-1 and line 7-1) exhibited highly significant values for spike length, number of spikes/plant and grain yield/plant as compared to their original varieties. The original varieties manifested highly significant values for number of grains/spike as compared to their all semidwarf mutant lines. The results indicated that wheat semidwarf mutants of line 5-1, line 6-1 and line 7-1 are promising mutant lines, since they gave high grain yield. All studied genotypes were electrophoreticaly analyzed for grain water-soluble proteins. The discrimination of such mutant lines and their parental varieties revealed differences in their banding patterns and occurrence of genetic variation between such genotypes. The electrophoretic analyses of proteins revealed some newly induced bands such as bands with molecular weights of 114.04, 87.82, 41.55 and 11.90 kDa. Such newly bands, which were not existed in the unirradiated varieties, may be originated from gamma radiation effects. It is expected that gamma rays modified the structure of some genes in the mutant lines, and these modifications appeared as absence of protein bands with molecular weights of 72.60 kDa in sids5 and 24.39 kDa in Sids6. The variety Sids7 exhibited the highest numbers of new protein bands after irradiation. The results revealed positive relations between number of bands in the protein patterns of Sids5 and Sids6 and their mutant lines, and for most of agronomic and yield traits.