AI-LMAC: An Adaptive, Information-Centric and Lightweight MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Chatterjea, Supriyo; Hoesel, L.F.W. van; Havinga, Paul J.M.

doi:10.1109/issnip.2004.1417492

Cited by 70 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Choosing a large number of slots per frame leads to overprovisioning (wasted slots) and protocol overhead (large bitsets); choosing a low number may lock out nodes in (dense) deployments. By allowing nodes to claim multiple slots per frame in the followup Adaptive Information-centric LMAC (AI-LMAC) protocol [5], the problem is somewhat alleviated. It also allows the protocol to raise the throughput of the convergecast pattern by allocating more slots to nodes closer to the sink.…”

Section: Pedamacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Singh¹

2017

Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

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Abstract. This chapter provides a broad overview of the MAC protocols especially developed for sensor networks. These MAC protocols differ from typical WLAN access protocols in that they trade off performance (latency and throughput) for a reduction in energy consumption to maximize the lifetime of the network. This is in general achieved by duty cycling the radio, and it is the MAC layer that controls when the radio is switched on and off. An important consequence is that a MAC protocol needs to be aware of its neighbors' sleep/active schedules, since sending a message is only effective when the destination node is awake. An obvious solution is to have all nodes synchronize on one global schedule, so no separate neighbor state is required, which maps well onto the resource limitations of typical sensor nodes. However, grouping communication into small (active) periods increases the chance on collisions, hence, other forms of organization have been proposed. This chapter surveys, and details the historic development of, the three most common styles of medium access control for wireless sensor networks: random, slotted, and frame-based organization.1. Introduction. The research area of Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs for short, is driven by the ongoing advances in digital circuitry leading to ever smaller computing systems. In their visionary "Smart Dust" paper [16], Pister et al. proposed to capitalize on this trend by combining sensors, a micro controller, and a radio into a tiny sensor node. Multiple nodes could then self-organize into a wireless network and collectively report information about their environment opening a whole new range of applications. Examples include unobtrusive habitat monitoring of wildlife, ad-hoc deployments for disaster management, precision agriculture, and tracking of goods and objects, to name a few.Although diverse in nature, the proposed application scenarios share a number of characteristics and constraints that define the research area of WSNs. First, nodes must operate for a number of years to make applications economically viable. This puts severe constraints on energy consumption, because nodes are usually battery powered and changing batteries is not an option. Second, also from a cost perspective, sensor networks must function autonomously without (much) external control. Third, the network must be resilient to errors of all kinds; nodes may die when running out of energy; radio communication may be distorted by external interference; and low-cost sensors may malfunction and produce erroneous readings. Finally, data -generated periodically or sparked by an external event -has to be relayed to a sink (gateway) node for further processing and for generating an appropriate response, respectively.The need for energy-efficient operation of a wireless network of resource-scarce devices has prompted the development of novel protocols in all layers of the communication stack. Given that the radio is the most power-consuming component of a typical sensor node, large gains can be ac...

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Section: Pedamacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Singh¹

2017

Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

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“…Adaptive, Information-centric and Lightweight MAC (AI-LMAC) [34] is a TDMA based protocol, which is adroit to adopt its operation based on the application requirements. In this method, data management framework is inhabited on each node.…”

Section: XXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primitive and Scheduled-Based Sensor Networks MAC Protocol: A Survey

Pallavi¹,

Anitha²

2017

IJET

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Abstract-Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are endearing to researchers in view of their outspread application capacity in the multifarious domain such as object detection and tracking, industrial automation, environmental monitoring, smart home, and tactical system [1]. Typically, a WSN comprises of enormous low-cost and small sensor nodes which are deployed in an intended region to acquire data of interest. However, poor sensing range of a node evolves compact network, hence developing a dynamic Medium-Access Control (MAC) protocol is predominant. So far, a great number of MAC protocols have been presented with different ideas for wireless sensor networks. Initially, researchers' prime consideration was energy efficiency. In the recent past, researchers have given priority to design a protocol that supports multitasking while being adaptive to traffic loads. In this paper, an attempt has been made to survey the numerous Primitive and Schedule-Based MAC protocols. At first, the properties of wireless sensors paramount for the design of MAC layer protocols are summarized. Then, the Primitive MAC protocols and Scheduled-Based MAC protocols are discussed, and finally, their advantages and disadvantages are emphasized. Keywords-Energy Efficiency, FDMA, Medium Access Control (MAC), TDMA, Wireless Sensor Networks.I. INTRODUCTION TO WSNs MAC Great progress in technology has emanated the evolution of small, inexpensive sensor nodes which are embedded with various sections like sensing, processing, and communication. The vast application scope has been encouraged by sensor nodes through wireless sensor networking [2][3]. The pivotal aspect of WSN protocol design is to enhance energy efficiency, considering the sensor nodes which are required to work independently with smaller batteries while boosting sensor node lifespan. Since each node comprises of a transceiver that communicates with other nodes, battery span plays an important role in node health. Since the WSN are expected to work efficiently with minimal human intervention, it is highly desired to design a protocol that produces very little bottlenecks. Medium access control is a subsection of the data link layer which is the most widely considered layer for the accurate functioning of any communication system. The fundamental work of MAC is to organize transmission and reception over a medium common to various nodes. Since WSN comprises of a large number of nodes communicating with one another, it is essential to have an accurate MAC protocol to increase the WSN efficiency. This has caused a widespread research on designing an efficient MAC protocol [4]. An energy efficient MAC protocol enhances the lifespan of a sensor network to a larger extent by regulating the transceiver, which is a crucial energy consuming component. In addition, it mitigates the collisions and enhances the throughput. There have been a prodigious number of investigations on the design and implementation of MAC protocols in WSNs. Therefore, it is essential to conduct an effective survey on WS...

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“…On the other hand, due to the existence of a large number of resource conservative sensor nodes, it is important to consider network lifetime [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

IDMMAC: Interference Aware Distributed Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for WSAN

2015

J Inf Process Syst

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In this paper, an interference aware distributed multi-channel MAC (IDMMAC) protocol is proposed for wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs). The WSAN consists of a huge number of sensors and ample amount of actors. Hence, in the IDMMAC protocol a lightweight channel selection mechanism is proposed to enhance the sensor's lifetime. The IDMMAC protocol divides the beacon interval into two phases (i.e., the adhoc traffic indication message (ATIM) window phase and data transmission phase). When a sensor wants to transmit event information to the actor, it negotiates the maximum packet reception ratio (PRR) and the capacity channel in the ATIM window with its 1-hop sensors. The channel negotiation takes place via a control channel. To improve the packet delivery ratio of the IDMMAC protocol, each actor selects a backup cluster head (BCH) from its cluster members. The BCH is elected based on its residual energy and node degree. The BCH selection phase takes place whenever an actor wants to perform actions in the event area or it leaves the cluster to help a neighbor actor. Furthermore, an interference and throughput aware multichannel MAC protocol is also proposed for actor-actor coordination. An actor selects a minimum interference and maximum throughput channel among the available channels to communicate with the destination actor. The performance of the proposed IDMMAC protocol is analyzed using standard network parameters, such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and energy dissipation, in the network. The obtained simulation results indicate that the IDMMAC protocol performs well compared to the existing MAC protocols.

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AI-LMAC: An Adaptive, Information-Centric and Lightweight MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 70 publications

References 6 publications

Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Primitive and Scheduled-Based Sensor Networks MAC Protocol: A Survey

IDMMAC: Interference Aware Distributed Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for WSAN

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