AIDS among drug users in Europe

Brenner, H. D.; Hernando-Briongos, P; Goos, Cees

doi:10.1016/0376-8716(91)90046-2

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Almost all American (97%) and European (87%) AIDS patients come from abnormal health risk groups whose health had been severely compromised prior to the onset of AIDS: 62% of American (47% of European) AIDS patients are male homosexuals who have frequently used oral aphrodisiac drugs (Section 4), 32% ( 33%) are intravenous drug users, 2% (3%) are critically ill recipients of transfusions and 1% (3%) are hemophiliacs (Institute of Medicine, 1988;Brenner et al, 1990; Centers for Disease Control, 1992b;World Health Organization, 1992a). About 38% of the American teenage AIDS cases are hemophiliacs and recipients of transfusions, 25% are intravenous drug users or sexual partners of intravenous drug users and 25% are male homosexuals (Centers for Disease Control, 1992b).…”

Section: Aids Risk Groups and Risk-group Specific Aids Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently 32% of the American (National Commission on AIDS, 1991; Centers for Disease Control, 1992b) and 33% of the European (Brenner et al, 1990;World Health Organization, 1992a) AIDS patients are intravenous or intrauterine users of heroin, cocaine, and other drugs (Section 2.1.3). These include:…”

Section: Intravenous Drug Users Generate a Third Of All Aids Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) The drug hypothesis further predicts that the 50-70% of American and 50-80% of European intravenous drug users who are HIVfree (Stoneburner et al, 1988;Turner et al, 1989;Brenner et al, 1990;U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1990; National Commission on AIDS, 1991), and the HIV-free male homosexuals who use sexual stimulants will develop the same diseases as their HIV-positive counterparts-except that their diseases will be diagnosed by their old names.…”

Section: Drug-aids Hypothesis Correctly Predicts the Epidemiology Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aids acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors

Duesberg

1992

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hypothesis that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a new, sexually transmitted virus that causes AIDS has been entirely unproductive in terms of public health benefits. Moreover, it fails to predict the epidemiology of AIDS, the annual AIDS risk and the very heterogeneous AIDS diseases of infected persons. The correct hypothesis must explain why: (1) AIDS includes 25 previously known diseases and two clinically and epidemiologically very different epidemics, one in America and Europe, the other in Africa; (2) almost all American (90%) and European (86%) AIDS patients are males over the age of 20, while African AIDS affects both sexes equally; (3) the annual AIDS risks of infected babies, intravenous drug users, homosexuals who use aphrodisiacs, hemophiliacs and Africans vary over 100-fold; (4) many AIDS patients have diseases that do not depend on immunodeficiency, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, dementia and wasting; (5) the AIDS diseases of Americans (97%) and Europeans (87%) are predetermined by prior health risks, including long-term consumption of illicit recreational drugs, the antiviral drug AZT and congenital deficiencies like hemophilia, and those of Africans are Africa-specific. Both negative and positive evidence shows that AIDS is not infectious: (1) the virus hypothesis fails all conventional criteria of causation; (2) over 100-fold different AIDS risks in different risk groups show that HIV is not sufficient for AIDS; (3) AIDS is only 'acquired,' if at all, years after HIV is neutralized by antibodies; (4) AIDS is new but HIV is a long-established, perinatally transmitted retrovirus; (5) alternative explanations disprove all assumptions and anecdotal cases cited in support of the virus hypothesis; (6) all AIDS-defining diseases occur in matched risk groups, at the same rate, in the absence of HIV; (7) there is no common, active microbe in all AIDS patients; (8) AIDS manifests in unpredictable and unrelated diseases; and (9) it does not spread randomly between the sexes in America and Europe. Based on numerous data documenting that drugs are necessary for HIV-positives and sufficient for HIV-negatives to develop AIDS diseases, it is proposed that all American/European AIDS diseases, that exceed their normal background, result from recreational and anti-HIV drugs. African AIDS is proposed to result from protein malnutrition, poor sanitation and subsequent parasitic infections. This hypothesis resolves all paradoxes of the virus-AIDS hypothesis. It is epidemiologically and experimentally testable and provides a rational basis for AIDS control.

show abstract

Section: Aids Risk Groups and Risk-group Specific Aids Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intravenous Drug Users Generate a Third Of All Aids Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug-aids Hypothesis Correctly Predicts the Epidemiology Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aids acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors

Duesberg

1992

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One is the type of development that more or less precisely reproducts trends in drug use in the United States with a time lag of a few years. This type of development is characteristic mainly of the Mediterranean countries (Adrados & Harrison, 1992;Alvarez & Javier, 1991;Alvarez et al, 1992;Rezza et al, 1992;Brenner et al, 1991). In the case of the other path of development (the Scandinavian countries and Poland), the national and local cultural characteristics shape of the form of drug problems characterizing the different countries (Kaa, 1992a, b;van-Ooyen-Houben & Spruit, 1992;Irgens-Jensen, 1991;Johns, 1991;Bieleman et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be concluded from this that the path followed in Poland by the forms and spread of drug use differs essentially from that in the countries of western Europe and North America: Polish drug users grow and produce their own heroin and other opioids. As regards the number of human immunodeficiency virus (H1V)-positive and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases found among drug users, Poland is among the mildly infected countries (together with United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Israel, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden), whereas in other countries of central and eastern Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Russian Federation, Romania, Slovak Republic and Ukraine), in practice HIV infection has not yet appeared among drug users (Brenner et al, 1991). European experts share the opinion that the severity of the AIDS problem is parallel with the spread of intravenous drug use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty drug use in Hungary

Bácskai

Gerevich

1994

Scand J Soc Welf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is little substantive information on the present trends on drug use in the countries of central and eastern Europe, including Hungary. There has been a substantial change in recent years in the illegal and legal use of psychoactive substances: the western type of drug trade and drug use has begun, with the influx of the classical drugs (heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, LSD and hashish). In addition, a study based on data obtained from all district physicians shows that the rate of regular use of psychoactive substances is very high in the parts of Hungary with poor infrastructure. This “poverty” drug use, together with the poppy cult and the traditions of grape cultivation and wine drinking could be a serious obstacle to the wider spread of western type drug use in Hungary.

show abstract

Health Care in Austria

Bennett¹

1993

JAMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AIDS among drug users in Europe

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Aids acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors

Aids acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors

Poverty drug use in Hungary

Health Care in Austria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About