Aiming for 45 t/ha per annum: yield of supplementary feed crops grown in sequences designed for maximum productivity

Ruiter, J. M. de; Fletcher, Andrew; Maley, S.; Sim, Richard E.; George, M.

doi:10.33584/jnzg.2009.71.2760

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Irrigation was applied to maintain soil water deficits in the top 1.5 m of the soil within the non-limiting range of crops. The deficit typically ranged from 0-80 mm but did approach values as high as 140 mm on selected dates (de Ruiter et al 2009). These deficits suggest that summer crops were rarely under moisture stress assuming the plant available water capacity (FC [0.30 v/v] -WP [0.08v/v]) to 1.5 m depth was 330 mm.…”

Section: Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Nitrate leaching from high production forage crop sequences

Beare¹,

Gillespie²,

Maley³

et al. 2010

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Section: Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These deficits suggest that summer crops were rarely under moisture stress assuming the plant available water capacity (FC [0.30 v/v] -WP [0.08v/v]) to 1.5 m depth was 330 mm. Further information on the crop management inputs for the phase 1 and 2 crops was reported by de Ruiter et al (2009).…”

Section: Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate leaching from high production forage crop sequences

Beare¹,

Gillespie²,

Maley³

et al. 2010

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“…The DM yields in the current experiments (Figure ) were consistent with those reported for forage kale and rape crops of 5–13 t DM ha −1 for dry‐land production (Wilson et al ., ; Chakwizira et al ., , ) and 12–27 t DM ha −1 for irrigated crops (Wilson et al ., ; Brown et al ., ; Fletcher et al ., ; de Ruiter et al ., ; Chakwizira et al ., , , ). Low DM yield under N stress has been attributed to limited leaf expansion (Fletcher et al ., ) and hence reduced radiation interception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of nitrogen rate on nitrate–nitrogen accumulation in forage kale and rape crops

Chakwizira

Johnstone

Fletcher

et al. 2014

Grass and Forage Science

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Nitrogen fertilizer is applied to supplement soil nitrogen supply to maximize forage brassica crop dry‐matter production. However, nitrogen fertilizer applications in excess of that required to maximize growth result in potentially toxic nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N) concentrations in grazeable plant tissues. Three experiments, two for forage kale at Lincoln (Canterbury) and one for forage rape at Hastings (Hawke's Bay) in New Zealand were grown under different rates of nitrogen (0–500 kg N ha−1) to determine the effect of different rates of nitrogen on NO3–N content of different plant parts of the crops. One of the kale experiments was grown with either full irrigation or no rain and no irrigation over summer, hereafter referred to as summer drought. The NO3–N concentration on a whole plant (weighted average) basis increased from 0·1 mg g−1 dry matter for the control plots to 2·30 mg g−1 for the 500 kg N ha−1 plots for forage kale. It increased from 0·99 for the control plots to 3·37 mg g−1 for the 200 kg N ha−1 plots for forage rape crops. However, NO3–N concentration increased with N supply under the summer‐drought plots from an average of 0·33 mg g−1 when ≤120 kg N ha−1 was applied to 2·30 mg g−1 for the 240 kg N ha−1 treatments but was unaffected by N supply under irrigation. The NO3–N concentrations were higher in the stems and the petiole (which included the midrib of the leaf) than leaves in all three experiments. The NO3–N concentration was highest at the bottom of the kale stem and decreased towards the top. We recommend N application rates based on soil tests results, and for conditions similar to the current studies up to 300 kg N ha−1 under irrigation and adjusted lower N rates for regions prone to dry summers.

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“…Experiment C was on a Paparua silt loam ( Typic Haplustepts ) (sand at 300–500 mm; de Ruiter et al . (), following a 5‐year‐old lucerne ( Medicago sativa L.) crop. Soil sampling was carried out on individual plots on 15 September 2008 and then combined for analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating theoretical radiation‐use efficiency for kale crops

Chakwizira

Ruiter

Fletcher

et al. 2013

Grass and Forage Science

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Establishing the radiation‐use efficiency (RUE) of forage brassica crops will aid our understanding of their photosynthetic performance. The concept of RUE has been developed for cereals and legumes, but there is limited information for forage brassica crops. Three experiments defining the influence of different sowing dates on ‘Gruner’ kale (Brassica oleracea acephala L.) dry matter production were conducted at Hastings (Hawkes Bay) and Lincoln (Canterbury) in New Zealand between 2002 and 2009. These trials were also evaluated for radiation interception and RUE. Delayed sowing increased RUE in two out of three experiments across sites: from 1·93 g MJ−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for December‐sown crops to 2·72 g MJ−1 PAR (P < 0·001) for January‐sown crops at Hastings and from 1·50 for September‐sown crops to 2·00 g MJ−1 PAR (P < 0·001) for November‐sown crops at Lincoln. The different sowing dates and years of experimentation provided a range of mean temperatures (from 13 to 16°C) during the vegetative period. Across years and sowing dates, RUE was strongly correlated with mean temperature (R2 = 0·81) and sowing date (R2 = 0·64), but weakly correlated with season length (R2 = 0·11) and dry matter (R2 = 0·002). There was also a strong correlation (R2 = 0·83) between sowing date and mean temperature. The increase in RUE with delayed sowing was therefore mainly attributed to increased mean temperatures. Radiation‐use efficiency increased at about 0·41 g MJ−1 for each 1°C increase from 13 to 16°C.

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Aiming for 45 t/ha per annum: yield of supplementary feed crops grown in sequences designed for maximum productivity

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Nitrate leaching from high production forage crop sequences

Nitrate leaching from high production forage crop sequences

Effects of nitrogen rate on nitrate–nitrogen accumulation in forage kale and rape crops

Estimating theoretical radiation‐use efficiency for kale crops

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