Air Pollution and Mortality in Latin America

OʼNeill, Marie S.; Bell, Michelle L.; Ranjit, Nalini; Cifuentes, Luis A.; Loomis, Dana; Gouveia, Nélson; Borja-Aburto, Víctor Hugo

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181816528

Cited by 54 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Evidence on mortality and school absenteeism was first published in the 1990s (Borja-Aburto et al, 1997;Romieu et al, 1992). More recent evidence has been focused on children's health, e.g., the participation of genetic polymorphisms (Romieu et al, 2006), systemic damage (Calderon-Garciduenas et al, 2007), lung growth retardation (Barraza-Villarreal et al, 2008) and the participation of other variables such as education (O'Neill et al, 2008). Some of the published results from Mexico City describe situations relevant to information revealed by MILAGRO.…”

Section: Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) -one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city -was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities.The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City duringCorrespondence to: L. T. Molina (ltmolina@mit.edu) March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition and chemistry that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. L. T. Molina et al.: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformationIn this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 Campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented.

show abstract

Section: Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Estudo envolvendo várias cidades da América Latina concluiu que o PM 10 tem um importante papel nos efeitos a curto e médio termo na mortalidade, mas que na América Latina as associações não diferem conforme o nível educacional 14 . A associação entre as concentrações diá-rias de dióxido de nitrogênio (NO 2 ), SO 2 , CO, ozônio (O 3 ), PM 10 e a mortalidade intrauterina apresentou forte associação para o NO 2 e associação moderada para o SO 2 e CO. Foi encontrada forte associação quando todos os poluentes foram considerados 15 .…”

Section: Poluição Do Ar E Efeitos à Saúde Na Cidade De São Paulounclassified

Poluição veicular e saúde da população: uma revisão sobre o município de São Paulo (SP), Brasil

Toledo

Nardocci

2011

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumoIntrodução: A poluição do ar é um problema importante para o município de São Paulo, cuja maior fonte são os veículos. Cerca de 11 milhões de habitantes estão expostos a essa poluição. Objetivo: Analisar os estudos realizados sobre a poluição do ar e seus efeitos na saúde da população do município de São Paulo e sobre méto-dos de avaliação da exposição à poluição relacionada ao tráfego. Métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico com os descritores "air pollution", "São Paulo" e "traffic-related air pollution". Resultados: Foram obtidos vários estudos que verificaram relações entre a poluição do ar no município de São Paulo e problemas respiratórios e cardiovasculares, crescimento fetal, aumento na mortalidade e hospitalizações, particularmente em idosos e crianças. Para estimativa da exposição, a maioria destes estudos considera a distribuição isotrópica dos poluentes para toda a área, o que impede a avaliação da influência do tráfego. Vários métodos têm sido utilizados para avaliação da exposição da população à poluição relacionada ao trá-fego, os quais podem ser utilizados isoladamente ou em conjunto. Acredita-se que a associação de modelos para cálculo das concentrações de poluentes a métodos de georreferenciamento seja a abordagem adequada para o município de São Paulo. As vantagens do uso destes métodos são a capacidade de identificar situações e áreas prioritárias, obtenção de informações detalhadas para adoção de medidas ou políticas públicas e a simulação de diferentes cenários. Conclusão: A aplicação destes métodos, em estudos no município de São Paulo, depende da melhoria dos dados de entrada dos modelos, o aprimoramento da rede de monitoramento do ar e de condições meteorológicas e dados do volume de tráfego.Palavras-chave: poluição do ar; exposição ambiental; saúde pública; efeitos adversos; saúde ambiental. Rev Bras Epidemiol AbstractIntroduction: Air pollution is an important problem for São Paulo city and vehicles are the main source. About 11 million people are exposed to this pollution. Objective: To examine studies realized about air pollution and its effects on health of the population of São Paulo (Brazil) and methods of assessing exposure to pollution related to traffic. Methods: We performed a literature review using the keywords "air pollution", "São Paulo", and traffic-related air pollution. Results: As results were obtained several studies that found relation between air pollution in São Paulo and respiratory and cardiovascular problems, fetal growth, increased mortality and hospitalizations, particularly in children and elderly people. In order to estimate the exposure, most of these studies consider the isotropic distribution of pollutants throughout the area, what prevents the evaluation of and the influence of traffic. Several methods have been used to analyze the air traffic exposure, which can be used isolated or combined. It is believed that the combination of models used to calculate pollutant concentrations to methods of georeferencing is the most appropriate ap...

show abstract

“…Problems that affect the ecosystem, such as noise pollution; garbage and its disposal; and, in particular, air pollution, have a direct effect on people's health. 1,2 There are numerous air quality indicators that show pollution effects on people's health. 1,2 Some of the most important ones include particulate matter (PM 10 ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 There are numerous air quality indicators that show pollution effects on people's health. 1,2 Some of the most important ones include particulate matter (PM 10 ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). When an indicator's concentration level exceeds an established air quality safety threshold, severe health problems may affect humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When an indicator's concentration level exceeds an established air quality safety threshold, severe health problems may affect humans. 1,2 There are many environmental agencies around the globe that develop their own policies and have established air quality standards and indicators regarding allowed atmospheric pollutant levels. Environmental agencies use the indicators as a monitoring measure, using a network of pollution and atmospheric sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Time-series forecasting of pollutant concentration levels using particle swarm optimization and artificial neural networks

Filho¹,

Madeiro²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2013

Quím. Nova

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recebido em 1/8/12; aceito em 8/2/13; publicado na web em 4/6/13This study evaluates the application of an intelligent hybrid system for time-series forecasting of atmospheric pollutant concentration levels. The proposed method consists of an artificial neural network combined with a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The method not only searches relevant time lags for the correct characterization of the time series, but also determines the best neural network architecture. An experimental analysis is performed using four real time series and the results are shown in terms of six performance measures. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology achieves a fair prediction of the presented pollutant time series by using compact networks.

show abstract

Air Pollution and Mortality in Latin America

Abstract: PM10 had important short- and intermediate-term effects on mortality in these Latin American cities, but associations did not differ consistently by educational level.

Cited by 54 publications

References 33 publications

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

Poluição veicular e saúde da população: uma revisão sobre o município de São Paulo (SP), Brasil

Time-series forecasting of pollutant concentration levels using particle swarm optimization and artificial neural networks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About