Air pollution and the influence of sources on Paulinia (Brazil) and surroundings

Tresmondi, Ana Claudia Camargo de Lima; Tomaz, Edson

doi:10.1504/ijep.2004.005683

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1), which is composed of 19 municipalities with different types of land use (industrial, agricultural and urban areas). In addition to fo-rest fragmentation, the expansion of agricultural, urban and industrial areas in the MCR has led to increased pollutant emissions, such as sulfur and nitrogen dioxides (CE-TESB 2012) that acidify the rain (Tresmondi et al 2005). Unless the natural characteristics of the forest fragments increase the resilience against pollution impacts, the atmospheric contamination and acid rain may endanger the local soil and may affect many of the ecological processes in these remaining forest patches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil chemical and physical status in semideciduous Atlantic Forest fragments affected by atmospheric deposition in central-eastern São Paulo State, Brazil

Lopes¹,

Santos²,

Camargo³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionThe Brazilian Atlantic biome is recognized as one of the hotspots for the conservation of biodiversity (Forzza et al. 2012), though it is severely affected by diverse human interferences, particularly in the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Domingos et al. 2003). The semideciduous Atlantic Forest is highly fragmented in central-eastern São Paulo because of the expansion of agriculture and urban and industrial growth (Nalon et al. 2008). Besides the reduction of forest cover, human activities bring about a variety of pollutants from combustion of fuels, waste disposal, long-term sewage sludge and fertilizer application and other sources, which may be toxic to the plant community and modify the chemical status of soil, depending on its original chemical and physical conditions (Nriagu 1990, Sharpley 1995, Schaaf et al. 2004, Pouyat et al. 2008, Lucas et al. 2011. Soil nutrients are among the main factors that regulate plant growth and play an important role in the sustainable use of soils; however, their excess due to pollution from human sources may damage the soils and affect the soil-plant relationships. Air pollution may also disrupt other nutrient cycling processes in natural ecosystems, such as the decomposition of litter (Cotrufo et al. 1995).Most anthropogenic pollutants deposited in forest ecosystems accumulate in the soil surface layers (Ruan et al. 2008), where pollutants are typically immobilized for long periods (Hawkins et al. 1995, Verstraeten et al. 2012. However, these accumulations are considered a "chemical time bomb" (Kabala & Szerszen 2002, Hovmand et al. 2008, because pollutants will eventually be leached into waterways (Miller & Friedland 1994).Increased deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds (SO2, NOx and NH3) in natural communities induces soil acidification (Falkengren-Grerup & Tyler 1993, Akselsson et al. 2013, Gao et al. 2013. Soil acidification depletes the basic nutrient cations, causes a decrease of pH, lowers the quality of humus, and accelerates the mobilization of aluminum (Boruvka et al. 2005, Miller & Watmough 2009). The depletion of basic cations from the forest floor alters the mineral nutrition of trees, modifies tree growth patterns (Klumpp et al. 2002, Högberg et al. 2006, Sebesta et al. 2011) and affects the distribution of roots (Joslin & Wolfe 1992). As a consequence, biodiversity, vegetation productivity and dynamics of the soil carbon pool are affected (Binkley et al. 2000).Altogether, such negative effects contribute to the forest decline observed in the Atlantic Rain Forest on the coastal mountain range named Serra do Mar (region of Cubatão, São Paulo State, Brazil). This forest is affected by air pollution from an industrial complex that caused destabilization of the land surface, disturbance of soil processes and landslides (Leitão Filho et al. 1993, Mayer et al. 2000a, 2000b. Furthermore, the large metropolitan regions of the São Paulo State (SE Brazil) are responsible for the intense fragmentation of...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil chemical and physical status in semideciduous Atlantic Forest fragments affected by atmospheric deposition in central-eastern São Paulo State, Brazil

Lopes¹,

Santos²,

Camargo³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…Therefore, the monitoring station at PC appropriately characterizes the study region and can be used as a reference to the correlation analysis (table 1). Studies conducted in the region (Tresmondi & Tomaz 2004, Boian & Andrade 2012, Bulbovas et al 2015 also showed little spatial variation in air pollution levels in the MRC, confirming the representativeness of the monitoring station in Paulínia Center for the study area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The region economic growth initiated in the sixties with the implementation of large urban industrial complexes (Gutjahr 2004), as the city of Paulínia, which has a significant amount of mainly chemical and petrochemical industries (Tresmondi & Tomaz 2004). The MRC has been affected by high levels of primary air pollutants originated from road traffic and, is responsible for over 80% of CO, NOx and hydrocarbon emissions, and develops industrial activities that emit about 70% of the particulate matter present in the region (Ueda & Tomaz 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous scales of Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) exposed in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, SP, Brazil as air pollution markers

Giampaoli

Capelli

Tavares

et al. 2015

Hoehnea

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-(Anomalous scales of Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) exposed in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, as air pollution markers). Tillandsia usneoides is an epiphytic bromeliad that has been used as a universal bioindicator. The species accumulates metals and presents foliar scale variations when exposed to air pollutants. This study aimed to use the variations in foliar scales as microscopic markers of pollutant effects in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), São Paulo State, Brazil. T. usneoides plants were exposed for 12 weeks during dry and wet seasons, totaling four exposures, at five sites in the MRC. Samples were selected before each exposure for initial evaluation of the plants (T0). Leaf fragments were fixed in glutaraldehyde and total scale density and anomalous scale percentage were evaluated. Plants exposed in the MRC showed anomalies and changes in number of subperipheral cells of leaf scales. When compared to T0, T. usneoides presented higher total scale density and anomalous scale percentage at disturbed sites, thus the species can be used as a pollution bioindicator for MRC. Keywords: bromeliad, air pollutants, trichomes, bioindicator RESUMO -(Escamas anômalas em Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) expostas na Região Metropolitana de Campinas, SP, Brasil, como marcadoras da poluição aérea). A bromélia epífita Tillandsia usneoides vem sendo utilizada como bioindicadora universal por acumular altas concentrações de metais e apresentar alterações nas escamas foliares quando expostas a ambientes poluídos. Neste estudo objetivou-se utilizar alterações morfológicas nas escamas foliares como marcadores dos efeitos de poluentes aéreos na Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), SP, Brasil. T. usneoides foi exposta em cinco pontos da RMC durante quatro exposições de 12 semanas, abrangendo duas exposições na estação úmida e duas na seca. Antes de cada exposição, foram selecionadas amostras para avaliação de condições iniciais das plantas (T0). Fragmentos de folhas foram fixados em glutaraldeído e avaliados quanto a densidade total de escamas e porcentagem de escamas anômalas. As plantas expostas na RMC apresentaram anomalias e alteração no número de células subperiféricas das escamas foliares. As plantas expostas em PA apresentaram maior densidade total de escamas e em PC maior porcentagem de escamas anômalas, quando comparadas às plantas T0. T. usneoides apresentou respostas relacionadas aos estresses ambientais, com maior presença de escamas anômalas e maior densidade total de escamas em plantas expostas em regiões antropizadas, portanto a espécie pode ser utlizada como bioindicadora da poluição na RMC.

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“…The typical behavior of wind direction in the MRC region during the day is: (a) in early morning and evening the predominant wind directions are SSE and SE; (b) in morning the predominat wind direction is SSE, SE and NE and (c) in the afternoon the NNE, SSE, N, SSW and S are the most frequent directions. Then prevalence winds are between east and south (CETESB, 2004;Tresmondi and Tomaz, 2004). As in the MRSP, during the dry season, the minimum relative humidity can be around 15%, mainly in September.…”

Section: Characterization Of Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the MRC there are few studies for ozone air pollution (Tresmondi and Tomaz, 2004). Martins et al (2006b) The aim of this work is to determine the interaction between these metropolitan regions concerning the evolution of ozone concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ozone transport among metropolitan regions

Boian

Andrade

2012

Rev. bras. meteorol.

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The aim of this work is to determine the interaction in terms of ozone transport between two metropolitan regions of São Paulo State: The Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC) and Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), with different characteristics and dimensions. In order to describe the interaction between both regions, 3-D Eulerian photochemical CIT model was used with a new approach for São Paulo regions since most previous studies deal with individual areas considering the contribution of other areas only as boundary conditions. The results from the photochemical simulations showed that the ozone concentration in the MRC is associated to local emissions and the transport of ozone and its precursors from the MRSP, demonstrating the significant impact of a megacity in its neighborhood and the importance of meteorological and topography conditions in the transport of air pollutants from the local source to distant regions.

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Air pollution and the influence of sources on Paulinia (Brazil) and surroundings

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Soil chemical and physical status in semideciduous Atlantic Forest fragments affected by atmospheric deposition in central-eastern São Paulo State, Brazil

Soil chemical and physical status in semideciduous Atlantic Forest fragments affected by atmospheric deposition in central-eastern São Paulo State, Brazil

Anomalous scales of Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) exposed in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, SP, Brazil as air pollution markers

Characterization of ozone transport among metropolitan regions

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