Air pollution forecast for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2015 and 2020

Ho, Bang Quoc; Clappier, Alain; Golay, François

doi:10.1007/s11869-010-0087-2

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The questionnaires: There were 3694 interviews, including 2924 interviews from Ho’s study [ 19 ] and 770 new interviews. The number of interviews for each type of vehicle is in Table S1 (Supplemental Material) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Method for BTEX Emission Inventory and Development of Mitigation Measures in Developing Countries—A Case Study: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Hoang²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are carcinogenic pollutants. However, the average concentration in 1 h of some pollutants belonging to BTEX, such as benzene, in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is higher than the national standard QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT by about ten times. This research is the first to calculate the emission of BTEX for developing countries on a city scale. This paper developed a method to calculate cold emission factors based on hot emission factors for BTEX. Five spreadsheets developed and calculated these cold emission factors for five vehicle categories. A comprehensive emission inventory (EI) for BTEX was conducted in HCMC to determine the cause of BTEX pollution. An innovative methodology with bottom-up and top-down combination was applied to conduct BTEX EI, in which the EMISENS model was utilized to generate the EI for road traffic sources, and the emission factors method was utilized for other emission sources. Among emission reasons, motorcycles contribute the highest to HCMC air pollution, responsible for 93%, 90%, 98.9%, and 91.5% of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively. Cars contributed 5%, 6%, 0.8%, and 6.5% of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively. For LDVs, the emission from benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene accounted for 1%, 2%, 0.2%, and 1.9%. The major reasons for point sources were metal production, which had 1%, 2%, and 0.1% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes emissions. The area source had a minority emission of total BTEX in Ho Chi Minh City. Our findings can be used to invest in the most significant sources to reduce BTEX in HCMC. Our approach can be applied in similar urban areas in BTEX EI. This research also developed nine measures to reduce BTEX in HCMC for human health protection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Method for BTEX Emission Inventory and Development of Mitigation Measures in Developing Countries—A Case Study: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Hoang²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Không khí bị ô nhiễm là một trong những vấn đề môi trường nghiêm trọng nhất ở các khu vực đô thị 1 . Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (WHO) 2 đã ước tính rằng ô nhiễm không khí (ONKK) gây ra cái chết sớm của hơn 7.000.000 người / năm trên thế giới, và hàng triệu người được tìm thấy là có bệnh về đường hô hấp khác nhau liên quan đến ONKK ở các thành phố lớn.…”

Section: Mở đầUunclassified

Develop a clean air action plan based on scientific data: a case of Ho Chi Minh city

Hoang

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Sci. Tech. Dev. J. - Nat. Sci.

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Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has quickly become a modernized and industrialized city undergoing a rapid population growth affecting on the local environment, especially the air quality and human health. It's urgent need to have a Clean Air Action Plan (CAP) for HCMC. The aim of this research is to develop a clean air plan for HCMC based on scientific basis by integrating results of emissions inventory, air emssion loading capacties and results of the impact of air pollution on people's health. This research applied the Clean Air For Smaller City in ASEAN Region project (CASC) method of Germany to develop the CAP. Emission inventory resulted from the integration of two approaches of bottom-up and top-down. The results of simulation of air pollution dispersion and air emission loading capacities were from the TAPM-CTM model system. Method of calculating the impact of air pollution on the health of people in Ho Chi Minh City was based on BENMAP model theory. The results showed that the source of traffic accounts for the largest emissions of all pollutants, contributed respectively, 99%, 97%, 93%, 78%, 23%, 64% and 45% of total CO, NMVOC emissions, NOx, SO2, TSP, CH4, and PM2:5 of the whole HCMC. For some central areas, the city was no longer able to receive more emissions of CO and NOx. Assessing the impact of air pollution on health showed that the great impact of PM2:5 on public health accounted for 81.45% of the total deaths caused by all three pollutants ( PM2:5, SO2, NO2). Finally, a CAP was suggested with 13 proposals and 1 recommendation for reducing air pollution in HCMC for the period of 2020–2025. This is the first comprehensive study on CAP in Vietnam. This result supports government authorities to promulgate plans and actions to reduce emissions protecting human health and the environment for a sustainable development.

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“…In Vietnam, AQMs have been utilized for air quality studies in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Hanoi. The infinite volume model (IVM) and the transport and photochemistry mesoscale model (TAPOM) were applied in a study on ozone (O 3 ) pollution [18]. In Hanoi, the operational streets pollution model (OSPM) was applied to predict air pollution levels of five streets located inside the city [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality Modeling Study on the Controlling Factors of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Hanoi: A Case Study in December 2010

2020

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Meteorology and emission sources are the two main factors determining concentrations of air pollutants, including fine particulate matter. A regional air quality modeling system was used to analyze the sources of fine-particulate air pollution in Hanoi, Vietnam, in December 2010. The impacts of precipitation and winds on PM2.5 concentrations was investigated. Precipitation was negatively correlated with PM2.5 concentrations. However, winds showed both positive and negative correlations with PM2.5 concentrations, depending on wind direction (WD) and the level of upwind concentrations. Sensitivity simulations were conducted to investigate the contribution of local and non-local emissions sources on total PM2.5 by perturbing the emission inputs of the model. Overall, local and non-local sources contributed equally to the total PM2.5 in Hanoi. Local emission sources comprised 57% of the total PM2.5 concentrations for the high PM2.5 pollution levels, while only comprising 42% of the total PM2.5 for low levels of PM2.5 concentrations. In Hanoi’s urban areas, local sources contributed more to the total PM2.5 than non-local sources. In contrast, non-local sources were the main contributors to the PM2.5 in Hanoi’s rural areas. Additional sensitivity simulations were conducted to identify the main local emission sources of PM2.5 concentrations in December 2010. The industrial and residential sectors collectively comprised 79% of the total PM2.5 concentrations while the transport and power sectors comprised only 2% and 3%, respectively. This is the first case study which used a regional air quality modeling system to provide new and informative insights into PM2.5 air pollution in Hanoi by estimating the contributions of local and non-local emissions sources, as well as the contribution of local emission sectors to PM2.5 concentrations in Hanoi.

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Air pollution forecast for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2015 and 2020

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

An Innovative Method for BTEX Emission Inventory and Development of Mitigation Measures in Developing Countries—A Case Study: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

An Innovative Method for BTEX Emission Inventory and Development of Mitigation Measures in Developing Countries—A Case Study: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Develop a clean air action plan based on scientific data: a case of Ho Chi Minh city

Air Quality Modeling Study on the Controlling Factors of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Hanoi: A Case Study in December 2010

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