Airborne fluorides and man: Part I

Smith, Frank A.; Hodge, Harold C.; Dinman, Bertram D.

doi:10.1080/10643387709381665

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Durante cada simulação, as plantas foram expostas a 5,7 mm de nevoeiro. O tratamento com fl úor foi preparado com 10 mg L -1 de F -na forma de KF (pH 6,0), com o intuito de simular a concentração de fl úor observada nas adjacências de áreas poluídas (Smith & Hodge 1979). Com um pulverizador manual foram distribuídos, uniformemente, 200 ml de solução sobre a superfície vegetal.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Efeitos fitotóxicos do fluoreto na morfoanatomia foliar de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf e Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Poaceae)

et al. 2009

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-(Phytotoxic effects of fl uoride in leaf morpho-anatomy of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf and Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Poaceae)). To assess the effects of fl uoride on signal grass, plants of Brachiaria brizantha and B. decumbens were submitted to simulated fl uoride fog (10 μg ml -1 ). Leaf fragments from apparently healthy portions were colleted 24 hours after the last exposure and used for microscopic analysis. Roots, leaves and rhizomes were submitted to fl uoride content quantifi cation. The leaves presented small, sparse necroses. The accumulation of fl uoride was observed on the leaves only. B. brizantha and B. decumbens presented, respectively, 4.4 and 5.2 times more fl uoride than the control treatment. No difference was observed concerning the accumulation potential of both species. The main micromorphological alterations observed were injuries near the trichomes, therefore, suggesting that these are the preferential routes by which pollutants enter the plants. Visually healthy leaf portions of the two species showed microscopic damages before symptoms appeared, presenting turgidity loss in the bulliform cells of B. brizantha and in all tissues of B. decumbens. Micromorphometric alterations were observed only in B. decumbens, indicating higher sensibility to fl uoride in comparison to B. brizantha. Further studies of long duration will be essential to determine the bioaccumulation potential of B. brizantha.

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Section: Methodsunclassified

Efeitos fitotóxicos do fluoreto na morfoanatomia foliar de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf e Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Poaceae)

et al. 2009

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“…1.000 µg.L -1 , podendo chegar a 10 mg.L -1 em áreas industriais (Smith & Hodge 1979). Os sintomas do flúor nas plantas incluem cloroses, necroses, redução no crescimento e remoção da cera epicuticular, entre outros (Prado Filho 1993, Oliva et al 1997.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Flúor em chuva simulada: sintomatologia e efeitos sobre a estrutura foliar e o crescimento de plantas arbóreas

Silva¹,

Azevedo²,

Silva³

et al. 2000

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Fluoride in simulated rain: symptomatology and effects on leaf structure and growth of wood plants). The objectives of this study was to characterize the effects of fluoride on seedlings and young plants of native woody species from Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (MG) and on the leaf blade structure of the most sensitive of the studied tree species. This work was carried out to gain information on diagnosing criteria for bioindication and to throw some light on the mechanisms of plant resistance and tolerance in order to assist in the revegetation programs of highly affected areas. The employed species were Gallesia gorazema Moq. ), during 20 min daily, for 10 consecutive days. Apical and marginal necrosis occurred in the leaf blades of all species just after the first simulated rain. Two days after treatment, S. dulcis, in the young plant stage, showed to be the most sensitive species by exhibiting large necrotic areas, while G. americana was the most resistant species. At the young plant stage, the species that accumulated more fluoride were also the most sensitive ones; such a relation was not observed in plants at the seedling stage. The pollutant at the level employed caused drastic alterations in the leaf blade of S. dulcis and also damaged all of its anatomical structure. The high susceptibility of S. dulcis to fluoride suggests that this species possess potential features to be employed as a bioindicator. However, for a better characterization of the responses of S. dulcis to fluoride and its usage in biomonitoring programs, more studies are required.RESUMO -(Flúor em chuva simulada: sintomatologia e efeitos sobre a estrutura foliar e o crescimento de plantas arbóreas). Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: caracterizar os efeitos do flúor em espécies arbóreas nativas, nos estádios de plântula e muda; identificar injúrias provocadas pelo flúor na estrutura da lâmina foliar da espécie mais sensível; fornecer subsídios para seleção de características a serem utilizadas na bioindicação; e contribuir com informações sobre a resistência ou tolerância das plantas, visando ao reflorestamento de áreas impactadas pela chuva com flúor. As espécies analisadas foram Gallesia gorazema Moq. ), por 10 dias consecutivos. Necroses apicais e marginais foram observadas em todas as espécies analisadas, logo após a primeira chuva simulada. S. dulcis, no estádio de muda, foi a espécie mais sensível ao flúor, pois apresentou extensas necroses com apenas dois dias de tratamento, enquanto que G. americana foi a espécie mais resistente. Nas mudas, as espécies que acumularam mais flúor foram também as que apresentaram maior sensibilidade a esse poluente; essa relação não foi verificada nas plântulas. A concentração de flúor utilizada promoveu alterações drásticas na lâmina foliar de S. dulcis com extensas áreas necrosadas, danificando toda a sua estrutura anatômica. A sensibilidade ao flúor observada em S. dulcis indica que essa espécie apresenta potencial para ser usada como bioindicadora. Entretanto, estudos detalhados serã...

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“…Fluoride, an extremely phytotoxic atmospheric pollutant (Smith and Hodge 1979), can be released into the atmosphere during the production of aluminium, bricks, glass, and steel (Fornasiero 2001). In Brazil there is little data regarding the concentration of fluoride in the atmosphere, most of them restricted to Cubatão city, São Paulo State (klumpp et al 1996a(klumpp et al , b, 1998(klumpp et al , Domingos et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of phytotoxicity caused by fluoride on Spondias dulcis Forst. F. (Anacardiaceae)

Sant’Anna-Santos

Azevedo

Silva

et al. 2012

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The goal of this study was to determine the symptoms and microscopic damage caused by fluoride on Spondias dulcis, a fluoride-sensitive species. The plants were exposed to simulated fog with fluoride (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L -1 ) for 20 min daily during four consecutive days. Samples from leaflets without any apparent fluoride injury were collected to microscopic analysis. The percentage of necrosed leaf area was measured, and the level of pollutant in the dry matter from the basal and apical portions of the plant was determined. The necroses began 24 h after the first simulation mainly from the base of the leaflets. A higher level of necrosis was observed at the apical portion of the plants, a region of higher fluoride accumulation. The damage on the surface of the leaflets was characterized as plasmolysis, erosion of the epicuticular waxes and epidermal rupture. Structurally, the noticeable accumulation of granules and droplets green stained by toluidine blue in the spongy parenchima and the boundaries of ending veinlets was observed. The limb thickness reduction occurred due to plasmolysis in the mesophyll, showing an apparent correlation with the damage observed on the surface. The parameters observed in the laboratory are promising for field biomonitoring studies.

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Airborne fluorides and man: Part I

Cited by 41 publications

References 96 publications

Efeitos fitotóxicos do fluoreto na morfoanatomia foliar de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf e Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Poaceae)

Efeitos fitotóxicos do fluoreto na morfoanatomia foliar de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf e Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Poaceae)

Flúor em chuva simulada: sintomatologia e efeitos sobre a estrutura foliar e o crescimento de plantas arbóreas

Diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of phytotoxicity caused by fluoride on Spondias dulcis Forst. F. (Anacardiaceae)

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