?-Alanine metabolism and high salinity stress in the sea anemone,Bunodosoma cavernata

Kasschau, Margaret R.; Skisak, Christopher M.; Cook, J. Philip; Mills, W. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00684143

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…β-Alanine, the simplest β-amino acid, plays an important role in a variety of biological processes. It is found in animal brain and liver tissue, as well as in plants, fruits, and insect cuticles . In contrast to other neurologically active amino acids, the concentration of β-alanine in nerve tissue is low, and from its broader distribution is probably more correctly designated a neurohormone rather than a neurotransmitter .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Computational Thermochemical Study of α-Alanine (DL) and β-Alanine

Silva

Silva²,

Santos³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. Chem. B

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This paper reports an experimental and theoretical study of the gas phase standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation, at T = 298.15 K, of α-alanine (DL) and β-alanine. The standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation of crystalline α-alanine (DL) and β-alanine were calculated from the standard molar energies of combustion, in oxygen, to yield CO2(g), N2(g), and H2O(l), measured by static-bomb combustion calorimetry at T = 298.15 K. The vapor pressures of both amino acids were measured as function of temperature by the Knudsen effusion mass-loss technique. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation at T = 298.15 K was derived from the Clausius−Clapeyron equation. The experimental values were used to calculate the standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) enthalpy of formation of α-alanine (DL) and β-alanine in the gaseous phase, Δ(f)H(m)°(g), as −426.3 ± 2.9 and −421.2 ± 1.9 kJ·mol(−1), respectively. Standard ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the G3 level were performed. Enthalpies of formation, using atomization reactions, were calculated and compared with experimental data. Detailed inspections of the molecular and electronic structures of the compounds studied were carried out.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Computational Thermochemical Study of α-Alanine (DL) and β-Alanine

Silva

Silva²,

Santos³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. Chem. B

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“…Indeed, this accumulation is consistent with the alanine-oriented synthesis in salt-exposed spiders, as a quick additional build-up of alanine can be achieved through intense decarboxylation of aspartic acid (Kasschau et al 1984).…”

Section: Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Chronic exposure to soil salinity in terrestrial species: Does plasticity and underlying physiology differ among specialized ground-dwelling spiders?

Renault

Puzin

Foucreau

et al. 2016

Journal of Insect Physiology

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In salt marshes, the alternation of low and high tides entails rapid shifts of submersion and aerial exposure for terrestrial communities. In these intertidal environments, terrestrial species have to deal with an osmotic loss in body water content and an increase in sodium chloride concentration when salt load increases. In salt marshes, spiders represent an abundant arthropod group, whose physiological ecology in response to variations of soil salinity must be further investigated. In this study, we compared the effect of salinity on the survival and physiology of three species of Lycosidae; two salt marsh species (Arctosa fulvolineata and Pardosa purbeckensis) and one forest species (P. saltans). Spiders were individually exposed at three salinity conditions (0‰, 35‰ and 70‰) and survival, changes in body water content, hemolymph ions (Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+); ICP-MS technique) and metabolites (mainly amino acids, polyols, sugars; LC and GC techniques) were assessed. The survival of the forest species P. saltans was very quickly hampered at moderate and high salinities. In this spider, variations of hemolymph ions and metabolites revealed a quick loss of physiological homeostasis and a rapid salt-induced dehydration of the specimens. Conversely, high survival durations were measured in the two salt-marsh spiders, and more particularly in A. fulvolineata. In both P. purbeckensis and A. fulvolineata, the proportion of Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+) remained constant at the three experimental conditions. Accumulation of hemolymph Na(+) and amino acids (mainly glutamine and proline) demonstrated stronger osmoregulatory capacities in these salt-marsh resident spiders. To conclude, even if phylogenetically close (belonging to the same, monophyletic, family), we found different physiological capacities to cope with salt load among the three tested spider species. Nevertheless, physiological responses to salinity were highly consistent with the realized ecological niches of the spiders.

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“…Interestingly, we observed appreciable concentrations of β-alanine only in mussel larvae. β-alanine can act to stabilize proteins [ 16 ], is important for redox balance [ 37 ], and often serves as an osmolyte in a variety of marine invertebrates [ 37 , 48 ]. Given these functions, it is surprising that we did not detect β-alanine in the juvenile samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Profiling of Metabolites in Larval and Juvenile Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulis) under Ambient and Low Salinity Conditions

2017

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Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are ecologically and economically important marine invertebrates whose populations are at risk from climate change-associated variation in their environment, such as decreased coastal salinity. Blue mussels are osmoconfomers and use components of the metabolome (free amino acids) to help maintain osmotic balance and cellular function during low salinity exposure. However, little is known about the capacity of blue mussels during the planktonic larval stages to regulate metabolites during osmotic stress. Metabolite studies in species such as blue mussels can help improve our understanding of the species’ physiology, as well as their capacity to respond to environmental stress. We used 1D 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 2D total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) experiments to describe baseline metabolite pools in larval (veliger and pediveliger stages) and juvenile blue mussels (gill, mantle, and adductor tissues) under ambient conditions and to quantify changes in the abundance of common osmolytes in these stages during low salinity exposure. We found evidence for stage- and tissue-specific differences in the baseline metabolic profiles of blue mussels, which reflect variation in the function and morphology of each larval stage or tissue type of juveniles. These differences impacted the utilization of osmolytes during low salinity exposure, likely stemming from innate physiological variation. This study highlights the importance of foundational metabolomic studies that include multiple tissue types and developmental stages to adequately evaluate organismal responses to stress and better place these findings in a broader physiological context.

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?-Alanine metabolism and high salinity stress in the sea anemone,Bunodosoma cavernata

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental and Computational Thermochemical Study of α-Alanine (DL) and β-Alanine

Experimental and Computational Thermochemical Study of α-Alanine (DL) and β-Alanine

Chronic exposure to soil salinity in terrestrial species: Does plasticity and underlying physiology differ among specialized ground-dwelling spiders?

NMR Profiling of Metabolites in Larval and Juvenile Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulis) under Ambient and Low Salinity Conditions

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