Albitite hosted gold-sulfide mineralization: An example from the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli supracrustal sequence, Bhukia area, Western India

Mukherjee, Rahul; Venkatesh, A. S.; Fareeduddin,

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i4/103891

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A further aspect of Palaeoproterozoic graphite is a consistent occurrence in albitite veins, as in Scotland. Examples include deposits in Brazil (Sirqueira et al, 2018), Russia (Sorokhtina et al., 2010) and India (Mukherjee et al., 2016), which emphasize graphite precipitation from fluids was widespread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed metamorphic and fluid graphite deposition in Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal rocks of the Lewisian Complex, NW Scotland

2021

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Graphite deposits may form alternatively by metamorphism of sedimentary rocks and from fluids. Both types occur in supracrustal successions within the Lewisian Complex of Northwest Scotland, and similarly in Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal rocks across the North Atlantic region in Canada, Greenland and Scandinavia. Carbon isotope compositions show that the graphite in Scotland had a mixed origin from metamorphism of sedimentary organic matter (schists) and the decarbonation of limestones (marbles). Raman spectroscopy shows that most of the graphite in Scotland exhibits some structural disorder, unlike the complete order in graphite vein ore deposits across the region. Exceptionally, where graphite was precipitated from fluid, in albitized rock in Tiree and Scardroy, it is fully ordered. While organic matter may survive granulite facies metamorphism without being transformed to fully ordered graphite, it can yield commercially more valuable ordered graphite when mobilized in a fluid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed metamorphic and fluid graphite deposition in Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal rocks of the Lewisian Complex, NW Scotland

2021

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“…The subsequent exploration by the GSI has established 114.78 mt of gold resource with an average grade of 1.95 g/t gold, 0.15% associated copper, 93 g/t nickel and 130 g/t cobalt resource [54]. The interface of the BGC and the Aravalli Supergroup between Delwara and Ghatol in southeastern Rajasthan is mineralized (Cu-Au-iron oxide-graphite), [32]. In SGMB, the deposits/prospects situated in the southern part are more promising gold deposits in Western India [31,32,39,51,55].…”

Section: Regional Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Jagpura Au-Cu deposit lies in the southern part of the Salumber-Ghatol Metallogenic Belt (SGMB), within the Paleoproterozoic Aravali Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB) Rajasthan, India. The Au-Cu mineralization of the SGMB, is hosted by carbonate rocks and albitite [27,31,32]. Previous workers advocated the magmatic-hydrothermal model for the origin of gold-sulfide mineralization within the Bhukia-Jagpura deposit [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Geological Constraints on the Genesis of Jagpura Au-Cu Deposit NW India: Implications from Magnetite-Apatite Mineral Chemistry, Fluid Inclusion and Sulfur Isotope Study

et al. 2022

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The Jagpura Au-Cu deposit is situated within the Aravalli craton in the northwestern part of India. In the present work, petrography, mineral chemistry, fluid inclusion and sulfur isotopic compositions were used to study the Jagpura Au-Cu deposit. The ore mineral association of the deposit is arsenopyrite, loellingite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite, along with native gold, magnetite and apatite. The gold fineness ranges from 914–937‰ (avg. 927‰). The presence of Au-Bi-Te phases, pyrite (>1 Co/Ni ratio), magnetite (≥1 Ni/Cr ratio, <1 Co/Ni ratio) and apatite (>1 F/Cl ratio) suggest the hydrothermal origin Au-Cu mineralization. A fluid inclusion study indicates the different episodes of fluid immiscibility with the homogenization temperatures varying between 120–258 °C and salinities range within the 8.86–28.15 wt% NaCl eq. The sulfur isotopic composition of sulfides varies from 8.98 to 14.58‰ (avg. 11.16‰). It is inferred that the variation in the sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfides is due to the cooling and dilution of the metalliferous fluid of mixed origin, derived from the basement meta-sedimentary rocks and the high saline basinal fluid. The iron oxide-copper-gold-apatite associations, structural control of mineralization, pervasive hydrothermal alteration, fluid salinity and sulfur isotope compositions indicate that the Jagpura Au-Cu deposit is similar to the iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG)-iron oxide-apatite (IOA)types of deposits. Based on the ore geochemistry and the trace elements systematic of magnetite, the deposit is further classified as an IOCG-IOA type: IOCG-Co (reduced) subtype.

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“…Albitite with incidences of gold are reported from different parts of Rajasthan in northwest India (Fareeduddin, Gupta, Golani, Kirmani, & Chander, ; Knight et al, ; Mukherjee, Venkatesh, & Fareeduddin, ; Mukherjee, Venkatesh, & Fareeduddin, ; Ray, ). Among these, the Au (±Cu ± U) deposit at Bhukia in southeastern parts of Rajasthan (Figure ) is the most promising deposit with large resource potential of over 110 million tonnes with average grades of 1.97 g/t gold and 0.15% of copper (GSI Bulletin Series, ; Mukherjee, Venkatesh, & Fareeduddin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, the Au (±Cu ± U) deposit at Bhukia in southeastern parts of Rajasthan (Figure ) is the most promising deposit with large resource potential of over 110 million tonnes with average grades of 1.97 g/t gold and 0.15% of copper (GSI Bulletin Series, ; Mukherjee, Venkatesh, & Fareeduddin, ). The deposit is hosted in extensively deformed and metamorphosed carbonate–argillic sequence of Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup (Golani, Rajawat, Pant, & Rao, ; Verma & Golani, 1999; Deol, Deb, & Chattopadhyay, ; Mukherjee, Venkatesh, & Fareeduddin, , ). Most outstanding feature of the Bhukia deposit is the intricate and pervasive incursion of polyphase albitites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical characterization of mineralized albitite from Paleoproterozoic Bhukia IOCG‐IOA deposit of Aravalli‐Delhi Fold Belt, Rajasthan, western India: Genetic linkage to the gold (±Cu ± U) mineralization

2019

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Paleoproterozoic Bhukia gold deposit is located within the Debari Group of Aravalli Supergroup, Rajasthan, northwestern India. The major lithounits that are associated with gold-graphite (±Cu ± U) mineralization exposed in Bhukia are albitite, carbonates, and quartzite which have undergone upper greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism. Ore mineralization viz. pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, graphite, magnetite, and goethite in the study area are associated with NNW-SSE trending shear zone. Nuggets of gold are identified in the thick gossan zones that occurs parallel to the shear zone. The gold-sulfide lodes of the Bhukia deposits are largely confined either to marble or albitized marble and pure monomineralic albitite.The mineralization that is associated with the albitite, follows the boundaries of albite grains which confirms the role of these weak zones for the mobilization of mineralizing fluid and concentration of metal ions. Hence, geochemical studies of albitite would help to evaluate the petrogenesis, likely magmatic affinity, tectonic setting, controls of the mineralizing fluid, source, and their linkage to the gold (±Cu ± U) metallogeny. Bhukia albitite is characterized by Na-Al-rich and K-poor compositions along with metaluminous nature. Geochemical analysis of various key elements suggests that albitite is the product of low-K calc-alkaline magma series with variation in Nb/Ta ratio indicating their fractionation during the melt-rock interaction within the shear zone. Geochemical signatures suggest the role of upper continental crust in channelizing the mineralized fluids that generated albitite with felsic to intermediate composition in and around Bhukia deciphered from their low Nb/Y ratios. Lower concentration of compatible elements (Ni and Cr) and higher concentration of incompatible elements (Th, La, and Nd) with SiO 2 suggest that evolution of albitite rock is related to the fractional crystallization process. Zr/Hf ratios of 9-35 with the average of 18 suggest that albitite formed under magmatic-hydrothermal transitional environment. Rare Earth Elements (REE) patterns of albitite samples are moderately fractionated showing Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE)-enrichment with a rather steep slope and exhibit distinct negative Eu anomalies (0.42-0.71, average 0.57). The enrichment of LREE in comparison to the Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) suggests a more evolved source, i.e., process of melting at shallow environments. Tectonic setting of albitite samples suggest their origin in a volcanic arc region that underwent rifting. Detailed geochemical characterization unravelled complex evolutionary history of albitite in the Bhukia area, which attests derivation of the parental melt possibly from an enriched SCLM (Sub-continental lithospheric mantle) source similar to most of the IOCG-IOA deposits worldwide.

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Albitite hosted gold-sulfide mineralization: An example from the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli supracrustal sequence, Bhukia area, Western India

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Mixed metamorphic and fluid graphite deposition in Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal rocks of the Lewisian Complex, NW Scotland

Mixed metamorphic and fluid graphite deposition in Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal rocks of the Lewisian Complex, NW Scotland

Geological Constraints on the Genesis of Jagpura Au-Cu Deposit NW India: Implications from Magnetite-Apatite Mineral Chemistry, Fluid Inclusion and Sulfur Isotope Study

Geochemical characterization of mineralized albitite from Paleoproterozoic Bhukia IOCG‐IOA deposit of Aravalli‐Delhi Fold Belt, Rajasthan, western India: Genetic linkage to the gold (±Cu ± U) mineralization

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