Alcohol, habituation and the patterning of aggressive responses in a cichlid fish

1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Aggression emitted by territorial convict cichlids was studied both in response to a nonterritorial conspecific confined in a glass tube intruded into a territory and to an adjacent territorial conspecific protected by a clear partition. It was demonstrated that there is a high positive correlation between the number of threat displays emitted by the two antagonists during border disputes. The number of threat displays given by an intruder, on the other hand, has a low correlation with the number of threat displays of the territorial resident. Requirements for recording data from the stimulus fish is thus dependent on the method used.Laboratory studies of aggression in fish frequently use one of two procedures for studying aggressive interactions. In one procedure, the aggressive interaction is between two resident fish in adjacent territories. In the other, the interaction is between a territorial resident and a nonterritorial intruder. In the case of the rival intruded into the territory of the resident fish, we have a laboratory analog of a wandering fish that intrudes into a territory. In the other situation, we have a laboratory analog of fighting at the common boundary during the early stages of territorial establishment.This study investigates the interaction of the behavior of one antagonist on the behavior of the other by correlating the behavior of a territorial resident and the behavior of an antagonist in the two situations described above. In one experiment, the resident was confronted with a same-sex conspecific intruded into his territory. In a second experiment, two same-sex conspecific residents were inhabiting adjoining territories, but until the experiment started, they had not seen each other. The dependent variable was the frequency of threat displays emitted by the two antagonists. The question asked was the following: What is the overall relationship between the number of threat displays emitted by the two antagonists in each procedure? The study was designed so that factors such as size of antagonist and distance from the territory center were held constant.

Section: University Oj California San Francisco California 94143mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rival behavior and the elicitation of aggression at the boundary and inside the territory of a convict cichlid: A methodological note

1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Critical Reviews in Toxicology

“…Such biphasic responses have been recognized in animal studies for motor activity (Read et al, 1960;Buckalew and Cartwright, 1968;Carlsson et al, 1972;Erickson and Matchett, 1975;Randall et al, 1975;Matchett and Erickson, 1977), open field activity tests (Sanders, 1976), performance in Y mazes (Leonard and Wiseman, 1970), positive food motivated operant behavior (Holloway and Vardiman, 1971;Holloway and Wansley, 1973;Glowa and Barrett, 1976;Leander et al, 1976), aversion responding-shock avoidance (Reynolds and van Sommers, 1960), electrical self-stimulation via bar pressing (Vrtunski et al, 1973;Carlson and Lydic, 1976), and aggression (Weitz, 1974;Peeke et al, 1975;Miezek and Barry, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol and Hormesis

Calabrese

Baldwin

2003

This article provides a detailed assessment of the toxicological and pharmacological literature concerning alcohol-induced biphasic dose-response relationships. The assessment reveals that alcohol-induced hormetic-like dose-response relationships are commonly observed, highly generalizeable according to model and endpoint and quantitative feature of the dose response. These findings have important implications affecting study design, animal model, and endpoint selection as well as clinical applications.

“…Studies of well integrated behavior patterns composed of several discrete responses, such as those subserving territorial aggression, require monitoring of the major components of the pattern rather than just a single response. It has been shown previously (BAERENDS and BAERENDS- VAN ROON 1950) that the sequencing of displays and attacks follows a predictable course in cichlids in general, and the displays (measured as both frequency and average duration) and attacks (bites) in C. nigrofasciaturn have been described in some detail (GALLAGHER et al 1972;PEEKE et al 1975). From these reports it is clear that the changes in one response are determined to some degree by changes in other responses and that these changes are not necessarily in the same direction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Previous research has indicated that at the start of an aggressive encounter, display frequency is high and biting does not take place until display frequency has started to decline ( GALLAGHER et al 1972;PEEKE et al 1975). This may well indicate a sequential programming mechanism whose temporal characteristics may be plastic but whose order is not plastic except ir.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Size Of Intrudermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may well indicate a sequential programming mechanism whose temporal characteristics may be plastic but whose order is not plastic except ir. situations such as severe drug effects (see PEEKE et al 1975). The sequential nature of these responses creates a problem in selecting an appropriate index f o r testing hypotheses regarding the Thompson dual-process model.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Size Of Intrudermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Motivational Variables and the Sensitization and Habituation of Aggression in the Convict Cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum)3

Avis

Zeitschrift Für Tierpsychologie

2010

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Four experiments using territorial Convict Cichlids investigated motivational factors involved in the incremental and decremental processes associated with aggression resulting from exposure to conspecifics intruded into the territory. The first three experiments varied some single aspect of the experimental situation (temperature, distance from the nest or size of the intruder). The fourth experiment combined those factors which resulted in faster habituation (small intruder, far from the nest, in cool water) and compared the response to factors which resulted in slower habituation or an increase in response rate (large intruder, close to the nest in warm water). While a combination of higher intensity stimuli did result in slower habituation than the combination of lower intensity stimuli, response rate was not a simple algebraic summation of the factors. Results are discussed in relation to multi‐factor theory of habituation and the nature of “drive”.