Alcohol: taking a population perspective

Gilmore, William; Chikritzhs, Tanya; Stockwell, Tim; Jernigan, David H.; Naimi, Timothy S.; Gilmore, Ian

doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.70

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the economic burden associated with alcohol consumption can be tremendous. The annual alcohol-related financial cost was estimated to be US$249 billion for USA, CA$14.5 billion for Canada, GB£21 billion for UK, AU$35 billion for Australia, NT$25.5 billion for Taiwan, and JP¥6300 billion for Japan [5–7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol-related cancers in Asians: a public health perspective

2017

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The occurrence of more than 200 diseases, including cancer, can be attributed to alcohol drinking. The global cancer deaths attributed to alcohol-consumption rose from 243,000 in 1990 to 337,400 in 2010. In 2010, cancer deaths due to alcohol consumption accounted for 4.2% of all cancer deaths. Strong epidemiological evidence has established the causal role of alcohol in the development of various cancers, including esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. The evidence for the association between alcohol and other cancers is inconclusive. Because of the high prevalence of ALDH2*2 allele among East Asian populations, East Asians may be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of alcohol, with most evidence coming from studies of esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer, while data for other cancers are more limited. The high prevalence of ALDH2*2 allele in East Asian populations may have important public health implications and may be utilized to reduce the occurrence of alcohol-related cancers among East Asians, including: 1) Identification of individuals at high risk of developing alcohol-related cancers by screening for ALDH2 polymorphism; 2) Incorporation of ALDH2 polymorphism screening into behavioral intervention program for promoting alcohol abstinence or reducing alcohol consumption; 3) Using ALDH2 polymorphism as a prognostic indicator for alcohol-related cancers; 4) Targeting ALDH2 for chemoprevention; and 5) Setting guidelines for alcohol consumption among ALDH2 deficient individuals. Future studies should evaluate whether these strategies are effective for preventing the occurrence of alcohol-related cancers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol-related cancers in Asians: a public health perspective

2017

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“…2 For example, over half of all deaths in Russia between 1990 and 2001 were attributed to alcohol, 3 while in Scotland it is estimated that one in four adults currently consume alcohol at harmful or hazardous levels. 4 Despite public health measures, alcohol consumption has continued to rise in the UK and United States over the past three decades, 1,4,5 while alcohol-related mortality among women has more than doubled in Scotland over the past decade. 6 Recent recognition of alcohol as a carcinogen may have contributed to these epidemiological estimates of alcoholrelated morbidity and mortality 7 ; however, little data are available in the literature relating to expected mortality for patients diagnosed with severe alcohol use disorder, as defined by a simple tool such as the Focused Alcohol Screening Test (FAST) score or following an episode of acute alcohol withdrawal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low serum magnesium and 1‐year mortality in alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Maguire

Ross

Talwar

et al. 2019

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background:In 2014, the WHO reported that 6% of all deaths were attributable to excess alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between serum magnesium concentrations and mortality in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Materials and methods:A retrospective review of 700 patients with documented evidence of previous AWS indicating a requirement for benzodiazepine prophylaxis or evidence of alcohol withdrawal syndrome between November 2014 and March 2015. Results: Of 380 patients included in the sample analysis, 64 (17%) were dead at 1 year following the time of treatment for AWS. The majority of patients had been prescribed thiamine (77%) and a proton pump inhibitor (66%). In contrast, the majority of patients had low circulating magnesium concentrations (<0.75 mmol/L) (64%)and had not been prescribed magnesium (90%). The median age of death at one year was 55 years (P = 0.002). On univariate analysis, age (P < 0.05), GMAWS (P < 0.05), BDZ (P < 0.05), bilirubin (P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.001), albumin (P < 0.001), CRP (P < 0.05), AST:ALT ratio >2 (P < 0.001), sodium (P < 0.05), magnesium (P < 0.001), platelets (P < 0.05) and the use of proton pump inhibitor medication (P < 0.001) were associated with death at 1 year. On multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, age > 50 years (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.52-7.48, P < 0.01), AST:ALT ratio >2 (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.38-6.94, P < 0.01) and magnesium < 0.75 mmol/L (OR 4.11, 95% CI 1.3-12.8, P < 0.05) remained independently associated with death at 1 year. Conclusion: Overall, 1-year mortality was significantly higher among those patients who were magnesium deficient (<0.75 mmol/L) when compared to those who were replete (≥0.75 mmol/L; P < 0.001).

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“…Associated with cerebral ischemia, many harmful agents are studied. One of these agents is alcoholism, considered one of the most serious public health problems in many countries, both by complications in somatic and psychic plane, as by the deep social repercussions 7 . Chronic alcohol consumption exacerbates transient ischemic brain injury and this increase in ischemic brain damage during alcohol consumption may be related to deficiency in cerebral vasoreactivity 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of apoptosis in the cerebellum of rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia with or without alcoholism model

Carvalho

Tirapelli²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2016

Acta Cir. Bras.

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Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; manuscript writing, critical revision; supervision of all phases of the study. ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To evaluated histopathological changes, morphometric and expression of proteins CASPASE-3, BCL-2 and XIAP related to apoptosis in the cerebellum after induction of temporary focal cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion, with or without a model of chronic alcoholism. METHODS:Fifty Wistar rats were used and divided into: control group (C), sham group (S), ischemic group (I), alcoholic group (A), and ischemic and alcoholic group (IA). The cerebellum samples collected were stained for histopathological and morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry study. RESULTS:Histopathological changes were observed a greater degree in animals in groups A and IA. The morphometric study showed no difference in the amount of cells in the granular layer of the cerebellum between the groups. The expression of CASPASE-3 was higher than BCL-2 and XIAP in the groups A and IA. CONCLUSION:We observed correlation between histopathological changes and the occurrence of apoptosis in cerebellar cortex.

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Alcohol: taking a population perspective

Cited by 52 publications

References 104 publications

ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol-related cancers in Asians: a public health perspective

ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol-related cancers in Asians: a public health perspective

Low serum magnesium and 1‐year mortality in alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of apoptosis in the cerebellum of rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia with or without alcoholism model

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