Algae production platforms for Canada's northern climate

Pankratz, Stan; Oyedun, Adetoyese Olajire; Zhang, Xiaolei; Kumar, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.220

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As it is nearly carbon neutral, biomass as a renewable source of energy is favored for the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, power, and heat . Biomass sources include whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and agricultural residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it is nearly carbon neutral, biomass as a renewable source of energy is favored for the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, power, and heat. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Biomass sources include whole-tree woodchips, forest residues, and agricultural residues. Canada has an abundant supply of biomass, with an average of 145 million MT (metric tonnes) of forest and agricultural biomass commercially harvested annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of the production cost of oxymethylene ethers as diesel additives from biomass

Oyedun

Kumar

Oestreich

et al. 2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) are important diesel additives because of their ability to reduce soot loading, particulate matter (PM) emissions, and NOx emissions. Some research has been undertaken on the feasibility of producing OMEs from biomass but there is no techno‐economic assessment of OME production from biomass. In this study, we estimate the unit cost to produce OMEn (n = 1–8) from three different biomass types common to western Canada: whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw. The techno‐economic model uses the OME production simulation results for 500 MT day−1 of dry biomass. The simulation results show that 97.70, 98.86, and 99.80 MT day−1 of OME1–8 can be produced from whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw, respectively. The costs of producing OME per liter over 20 years of production are $1.93 ±0.15/L, $1.68 ±0.14/L, and $1.66 ±0.13/L, respectively, at a 95% confidence level for whole‐tree woodchips, forest residues, and wheat straw biomass. The sensitivity analysis results show that the internal rate of return, OME yield, capital cost, and biomass delivery cost significantly influence OME unit price. The production price versus capacity profile reveals that the optimum minimum price can be obtained at a plant capacity of 4000 MT day−1 of biomass; beyond this, the increase in capacity does not result in any appreciable decrease in production price. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of the production cost of oxymethylene ethers as diesel additives from biomass

Oyedun

Kumar

Oestreich

et al. 2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…Nevertheless, many microalgal products, especially oil for biofuels, are still far from commercial realization due to the cost of production. Moreover, for countries situated in the Northern Hemisphere, a major factor that hinders algal growth in open raceway ponds is a seasonal limitation for optimal growth [30][31][32]. If cultivation can be performed under sub-optimal temperatures by shifting to a different product that accumulates better under this condition, there will be a better use of facilities and land area.…”

Section: Effect Of Hypothermal Stress On Growth Of Wtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Production under Cold Stress in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2021

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Microalgae have long been used for the commercial production of natural colorants such as carotenoids and chlorophyll. Due to the rising demand for carotenoids and other natural products from microalgae, strategies to increase production efficiency are urgently needed. The production of microalgal biorefineries has been limited to countries with moderate climates. For countries with cooler climates and less daylight, methodologies for the efficient production of microalgal biorefineries need to be investigated. Algal strains that can be safely consumed as whole cells are also attractive alternatives for developing as carotenoid supplements, which can also contain other compounds with health benefits. Using such strains helps to eliminate the need for hazardous solvents for extraction and several other complicated steps. In this study, the mesophilic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was employed to study the effects of cold stress on cell physiology and the production of pigments and storage compounds. The results showed that temperatures between 10 and 20 °C induced carotenoid and chlorophyll accumulation in the wild-type strain of C. reinhardtii. Interestingly, the increased level of carotenoids suggested that they might play a crucial role in cold stress acclimation. A temperature of 15 °C resulted in the highest carotenoid and chlorophyll productivity. At this temperature, carotenoid and chlorophyll productivity was 2 times and 1.3 times higher than at 25 °C, respectively. Subjecting a mutant defective in lutein and zeaxanthin accumulation to cold stress revealed that these two carotenoids are not essential for cold stress survival. Therefore, cold temperature could be used as a strategy to induce and increase the productivity of pigments in C. reinhardtii.

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“…However, there are a variety of algae production systems that have been developed for moderate and hot climates (e.g., USA, Europe, China, and Australia). A recent review by Pankratz et al has identified algae cultivation technologies that may be applicable for the colder northerly regions found in Canada.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of cost models of algae production in a cold climate using different production systems

Pankratz

Oyedun

Kumar

2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Research into the potential use of microalgae to produce biofuels is receiving significant attention. In the cold climates of countries like Canada, algae cultivation in open raceway pond (ORP) systems is limited to a short period of the year when pond surface water temperatures and ambient light conditions enable optimal culture growth. In this study we develop techno-economic assessment models to predict, evaluate, and compare the techno-economic results from three autotrophic algae cultivation scenarios to produce algae biomass. The first is a modeled ORP site located in the southern USA, which has a minimum biomass selling price (MBSP) for algae of $541 tonne −1 (T −1 ). The second scenario models an identical ORP system co-located at a site near Fort Saskatchewan, a northern city in the province of Alberta, Canada. The resulting MBSP is $1288 T −1 . A third scenario models a photobioreactor (PBR) cultivation system co-located at the same northern Alberta site and shows algae production with an MBSP of $550 T −1 . Each system is scaled to produce 2000 T day −1 ash-free dry weight (AFDE) algae biomass. The study concludes that PBR systems deployed at this scale have the potential to reduce production costs significantly ($ T −1 ) compared to similarly sited ORP systems in Canada, despite climatic factors and high initial capital costs associated with PBR construction. Furthermore, the modeled PBR system required 0.3% of the water required by the ORP cultivation platforms (153 × 10 3 versus 59 527 × 10 3 m 3 ) and 0.04% of the land (32 versus. 82 038 ha).

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Algae production platforms for Canada's northern climate

Cited by 30 publications

References 57 publications

The development of the production cost of oxymethylene ethers as diesel additives from biomass

The development of the production cost of oxymethylene ethers as diesel additives from biomass

Pigment Production under Cold Stress in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Development of cost models of algae production in a cold climate using different production systems

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