Alimentação: um direito humano em disputa - focos temáticos para compreensão e atuação em segurança alimentar e nutricional

Abstract

Resumo As situações de insegurança alimentar e nutricional (IAN) são impeditivos para a concretização do direito humano à alimentação adequada (DHAA) e podem estar ligadas à disponibilidade, ao acesso, ao consumo, à produção, à utilização biológica dos alimentos e às questões sociais, políticas e econômicas, que expressam os problemas alimentares atuais existentes entre os países. O objetivo é revisar como a alimentação é compreendida enquanto um direito humano na produção científica da área da saúde, em artigos que se dedicaram à análise empírica da SAN em diferentes cenários urbanos com crianças e adolescentes. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com 80 artigos científicos disponíveis na base de dados PubMed, publicados no período de 2007 a 2016. Foram extraídas dos estudos informações a respeito dos cenários de investigação, abordagens metodológicas, aspectos relacionados à IAN, conclusões e recomendações. Esta revisão mostrou a diversidade dos focos temáticos para a compreensão da alimentação como um direito humano e as estratégias de ação tiveram como foco os cuidados primários em saúde. A alimentação, tanto nos países desenvolvidos quanto nos que estão em desenvolvimento, é um direito humano em disputa que necessita efetivação, visando à justiça social para todas as pessoas.

Abordagem de segurança alimentar nutricional nos currículos das universidades federais brasileiras: principais enfoques

“…The predominance of the FNS approach in the disciplines in the field of social nutrition and public policies corroborates Maanabs (Brasil, 2009) and the results found in the researches by Bosi and Prado (2011), Recine et al (2012), Recine and Mortoza (2013), which indicate FNS as one of the axes and actions that form the field of collective health, especially within the scope of public policies. However, the research by Guerra, Cervato-Mancuso and Bezerra (2019), which analyzed studies on FNS in different countries, states that the link between FNS and public health needs to be strengthened, especially by an approach that allows understanding food as a human right, intimately interwoven with other fundamental social rights, such as health, housing, education.…”

“…Thus, when a right is violated, others are as well. In this sense, the HRAF must be guaranteed to any citizen and relates to a set of necessary and essential conditions so all human beings may develop their capacities, participating with dignity and equally in social life, such as: access to health, water, housing, education, work, leisure and others (Guerra;Cervato-Mancuso;Bezerra, 2019;Menezes;Burlandy;Maluf, 2004). A curriculum focusing on HRAF opens the possibility for a professional training more committed to changes, towards the development of a fairer and more egalitarian society.…”

Coronavirus, Capitalism in Crisis and the Perversity of Public Health in Bolsonaro’s Brazil

“…[23][24][25] In turn, in urban settings, the expression of the capitalist logic of commodification of human food can be observed through the growth of harmful food environments (obesogenic environments), mainly, from the point of view of commercialization, advertising, and consumption in unhealthy food systems. 26 These environments are full of highly industrialized/ultraprocessed foods (rich in sugar, salt, and fat) with various chemical additives. All of this is presented with easy access and low cost, with the expressive use of communication and advertising strategies that aim to attract a target audience (children and adolescents) for the consumption of these foods.…”

Food availability and food insecurity in households in the state of Tocantins, Northern Brazil

“…Food and nutrition security encompasses four dimensions: availability, access, use of food and nutrients and stability, considering their interrelationships [2,3]. When any of these elements is infringed, a situation of food and nutritional insecurity is characterized preventing materialization of the human right to Have Access to Adequate Food (HRAF) [4,5]. In this connection, in Brazil, several public policies and FNS actions are being developed aiming at the integration of different areas, such as health, agricultural production, food supply, job and income generation, food education and actions to expand access to food [3].…”