Alkali addition and roughage inclusion effect on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles

Lancaster, N. A.; Muegge, C. R.; Carvalho, José Rodolfo Reis de; Lopes, Regina Lúcia Mendonça; Narumiya, Rafael S; Pinese, Fabio; Baird, Aubrey N.; Schoonmaker, J. P.

doi:10.1093/tas/txz121

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Addition of hydrolytic chemical agents, such as CaO, to highly lignified feedstuffs have been shown to break bonds between lignin and structural carbohydrates, resulting in increased microbial fermentation of the feedstuff ( Jung and Deetz, 1993 ). Although the roughages in the present study were not pretreated with a strong base, increases in apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF from direct addition of CaO to rations in the current study aligns with previous research ( Nuñez et al, 2014 ; Lancaster et al, 2019 ). Improved fiber digestibility from direct addition of alkali to rations may occur through degradation of the linkages between lignin and hemicellulose in addition to increased ruminal pH ( Nuñez et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our data suggest that CaO increased k d in SBH diets, but decreased k d in SBH free diets. Lancaster et al (2019) observed that Ca(OH) 2 increased k d in 60% DDGS diets that contained corn silage, stover, or additional corn. Previous work suggests that high-fiber energy feeds like SBH to diets can decrease rates of degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“… Felix et al (2012a) reported that addition of 2% sodium hydroxide to 60% DDGS diets increased NDF degradation, while Nuñez et al (2014) observed that CaO addition increased NDF and ADF apparent digestibilities with increasing amounts of CaO addition. Addition of Ca(OH) 2 has also enhanced fiber digestibility in feedlot steers that were fed diets containing 60% DDGS and stover ( Lancaster et al, 2019 ). Despite what appears to be a greater improvement in fiber digestibility in diets with no SBH as a result of CaO addition, there was no interaction in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Nuñez et al (2014) demonstrated that the addition of CaO at 1.6% or 2.4% DM to a 60% DDGS ration delayed the postfeeding decline in pH. Addition of Ca(OH) 2 increased ruminal pH and delayed pH nadir in feedlot steers fed 60% DDGS diets that included stover ( Lancaster et al, 2019 ). It is possible that changes in pH and VFA production in cattle fed alkali may change feeding pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, alkali treatments to low-quality roughages to enhance digestibility has been known for years ( Klopfenstein, 1978 ). Recent research has demonstrated that the addition of alkalizing agents such as calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) were effective at increasing ruminal pH and enhancing fiber digestibility in feedlot steers fed 60% dried DGS diets ( Nuñez et al, 2014 ; Lancaster et al, 2019 ). Consequently, we hypothesized that adding CaO to 30% dried DGS diets would increase ruminal pH and enhance a potential positive associative effect between stover, SBH, and DGS resulting in improved fiber digestibility and growth performance of the cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of calcium oxide and soybean hull addition to feedlot diets containing dried distillers grains and corn stover on steer performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility

Lancaster

Muegge

Carvalho

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soybean hulls (SBH) and/or calcium oxide (CaO) on rumen pH, digestibility, and performance of steers fed diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). In experiment 1, Angus × Simmental steers (n=112, BW=364 ± 7.8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets arranged as a 2×2 factorial and placed in 16 pens (7 steers/pen, 4 pens/treatment, 28 steers/treatment). Factors were SBH (0% or 30% of diet DM) and CaO (0% or 1%) inclusion. Basal diets contained 20% corn stover, 30% DDGS, and 4% supplement. Diets with SBH contained 14.1 or 15.0% corn and diets without SBH contained 43.9 or 44.8% corn. In experiment two, 4 steers (BW = 510 ± 9.8 kg) were allotted to a 4×4 Latin square (21 d periods) to determine the effects of CaO and SBH on ruminal pH, VFA, nutrient digestibility, and digestion kinetics. Statistical analyses were conducted using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In experiment 1, BW did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.46). Overall carcass-adjusted gain did not differ due to SBH or CaO inclusion (P ≥ 0.13); however, there was an interaction (P = 0.01) where CaO improved gain in steers fed no SBH, but not in steers fed SBH. Steers fed SBH consumed more DM than steers not fed SBH (P = 0.02) and an interaction tended to occur (P = 0.06) where CaO increased DMI in steers fed no SBH, but not in steers fed SBH. Calcium oxide increased hot carcass weight and yield grade (interaction; P ≤ 0.04) and tended to increase fat thickness (interaction; P = 0.08) in steers fed no SBH, but not in steers fed SBH. Dressing percentage, LM area, %KPH, and marbling score did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.14). Total VFA concentrations were greater with SBH inclusion and with CaO addition (P < 0.01). Digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF were greater with CaO addition (P ≤ 0.04) and NDF and ADF digestibility were greater with SBH inclusion (P < 0.001). Inclusion of SBH did not affect (P ≥ 0.26) rate of digestion (kd) or passage (kp). Addition of CaO tended to increase mean retention time (P = 0.09). An interaction between SBH inclusion and CaO addition occurred for kd (P = 0.01), where CaO increased kd in steers fed SBH, but decreased kd when steers were fed no SBH. Total N excretion tended to be lower with SBH inclusion and CaO addition (P = 0.07). In conclusion, CaO enhances performance of cattle fed corn, DDGS, and corn stover diets, but not when corn is partially replaced by a fiber based energy feed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of calcium oxide and soybean hull addition to feedlot diets containing dried distillers grains and corn stover on steer performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility

Lancaster

Muegge

Carvalho

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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The effect of ammoniated maize stover inclusion in diets on growth performance, physiological characteristics and meat quality in lambs

Chelopo

Marume

2022

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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The exploration of alternative feed sources for lambs to offset the expensive conventional ingredients is imperative. Aims. To determine whether the inclusion of graded levels of ammoniated maize stover in lamb diets will positively influence growth performance, health and meat quality. Methods. Thirty-two female meatmaster lambs aged 5-6 months (eight lambs per treatment) were fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% ammoniated maize stover (AMS) over a period of 7 weeks. Key results. The lambs fed the AMS10 diet had a greater feed intake than did those fed AMS0, with lambs fed AMS20 and AMS40 not different from each other. Lambs fed on AMS10 and AMS20 grew faster than those fed on AMS40, but AMS0-fed lambs did not differ from any of the other groups. Similarly, feed conversion ratio (FCR, 5.25) was greater for lambs fed on AMS40 than for those on either AMS10 or AMS20, but those on AMS0 did not differ from the other groups. There were no significant differences in any of the mean values for haematological parameters; however, haematocrit was below the normal range for healthy lambs in all dietary treatments. Inclusion of AMS had no effect on the slaughter weight of lambs or any carcass characteristics apart from the dressing percentage. The lambs fed the AMS20 diets had a significantly higher dressing percentage than did all other groups. Ultimate pH (pH u ) values were significantly higher on lambs fed on AMS40 than for all other groups. pH u values among AMS0, AMS10 and AMS20 were similar. Shear force for lambs on AMS40 diet was less than that for AMS0, but neither differed significantly from the other two groups. Conclusions. Observations from the study showed that ammoniated maize stover may be included into lamb diets at least at 20% without adverse effects on growth performance, the health, and meat-quality characteristics of the lambs. Implications. Ammoniated maize stover can therefore be a cheaper feed source for lambs in feedlot systems as it primarily replaces lucerne and maize grain.

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Enteric methane emissions, growth, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed a garlic- and citrus-based feed additive in diets with three different forage concentrations

Bitsie

Osorio

Henry

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Science

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One hundred and forty-four Angus x Simmental steers were allotted by body weight (BW; 363 kg), breed composition, and farm origin to a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of 6 treatments (4 pens per treatment) to determine the effect of Mootral (garlic + citrus extract; 0.25% of the diet DM vs. 0.0%) on methane emissions, growth and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. During the first 84 days, cattle were fed three different forage concentrations in the diet (15, 41.5, or 68% corn silage) with or without Mootral. From day 85 to slaughter, corn silage was included at 15% of the diet DM with or without Mootral. Methane emissions were measured on day 42 to 46 and day 203 to 207. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Mootral did not affect methane emissions on days 42 to 46 (P ≥ 0.47), but there was a forage effect, where steers fed the 68% corn silage emitted more methane on a g/d (P = 0.05) and a g/kg of DMI (P = 0.007) basis and tended (P = 0.07) to produce more methane on g/kg BW basis compared to steers fed the 15% corn silage diet. On d 203 to 207, steers fed Mootral emitted less (P ≤ 0.03) methane on a g/d, g/kg DMI, and g/kg BW basis compared to steers not fed Mootral. There was an interaction (P = 0.03) between forage concentration and Mootral for DMI from d 0 to 84, where Mootral decreased DMI of steers fed 15% corn silage but did not affect DMI of steers fed 41.5 or 68% corn silage. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.22) of forage concentration or Mootral on BW or average daily gain at any time, or on DMI from d 84 to slaughter and overall. However, overall calculated NEm and NEg tended to be greater for steers fed Mootral (P ≤ 0.10). Intake from d 0-84 was lower and gain:feed from d 0-84 and overall was greater (P = 0.04) for steers fed 68% compared to steers fed 41.5% corn silage. Calculated NEm and NEg from day 0 to 84 and overall were greater for steers fed 68% corn silage compared to steers fed 41.5% corn silage (P ≤ 0.03). Mootral tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.09) fat thickness and yield grade. In conclusion, increasing forage concentration increased methane emissions and Mootral decreased methane production in 15% corn silage diets and tended to improve carcass leanness.

show abstract

Alkali addition and roughage inclusion effect on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of calcium oxide and soybean hull addition to feedlot diets containing dried distillers grains and corn stover on steer performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility

Effect of calcium oxide and soybean hull addition to feedlot diets containing dried distillers grains and corn stover on steer performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility

The effect of ammoniated maize stover inclusion in diets on growth performance, physiological characteristics and meat quality in lambs

Enteric methane emissions, growth, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed a garlic- and citrus-based feed additive in diets with three different forage concentrations

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