Alkali treated antioxidative crude polysaccharide from Russula alatoreticula potentiates murine macrophages by tunning TLR/NF-κB pathway

Khatua, Somanjana; Acharya, Krishnendu

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37998-2

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…First of all, it was worth noting that the presence of sucrose might contribute itself to the viscosity of the solution. Also was the fact that the hydration of its molecule in the solution will reduce the amount of free water, strengthening the interaction of the CCPP molecular chain and enhancing polymerization of hydrogen bonds between the polysaccharides, thus leading to the increased viscosity of the polysaccharide solution [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Effect Of Different Salt Concentrations and Sucrose Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Water Extraction of Crude Polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and Determination of the Rheological Properties

Yang¹,

Efehi²,

Jin³

et al. 2020

Rev. Chim.

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The extraction condition of crude polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula by hot water reflux method was studied and the results analyzed by kinetic model. Then, the extraction rate and maximum extraction temperature were determined. furthermore, the thermal and pH stability and the rheological properties of the crude polysaccharide were also studied. crude Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CCPP) under different conditions was extracted by hot water reflux method, the content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid and DNS method, and the kinetic model of the extraction process was established. The viscosity was determined under different solute concentration, salt concentration, rotation speed, pH, and temperature. The thermal stability and pH stability were determined; the protein content and sulfate ion content were determined by the coomassie brilliant blue method and barium sulfate turbidimetry method, respectively. The yield of CCPP by the hot water reflux method was 25.72%. At 50 oC, the maximum extraction concentration, the rate constant and the linear relationship between the rate constant and the time were obtained at different ratios of material to liquid. The extraction process of this experiment coincided with Fick`s second law, R2 was greater than 0.88 and with the increase of extraction time, the dissolution rate increased, but with the increase of the ratio of material to liquid, the dissolution rate was decreased. CCPP showed a loss of polysaccharide fluidity as temperature increased and was affected by pH change. The apparent viscosity was affected by a change in solute concentration, temperature, pH, rotation speed and salt and sucrose concentrations.

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Section: Effect Of Different Salt Concentrations and Sucrose Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Water Extraction of Crude Polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and Determination of the Rheological Properties

Yang¹,

Efehi²,

Jin³

et al. 2020

Rev. Chim.

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“…Thus, the increase in the expression of the surface molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 indicates enhanced immune response. It was previously demonstrated that RAW264.7 cells play an important role as an interface between innate and adaptive immunity (15). Therefore, it was deemed necessary to investigate the effects of APS on CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression in RAW264.7 cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astragalus polysaccharide enhances the immune function of RAW264.7 macrophages via the NF‑κB p65/MAPK signaling pathway

et al. 2020

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on RAW264.7 cells. The production of cytokines by RAW264.7 cells was analyzed using ELISA, while cell viability and optimal concentration of APS were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. In addition, the mRNA levels of IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-α were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The levels of co-stimulatory molecules and cell cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to determine the effects of APS on p65 expression. Compared with controls, APS enhanced the production of NO, the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS and the protein levels of phosphorylated p65, p38, Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase in RAW264.7 cells, whereas these effects of APS were alleviated by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The results of the present study indicated that the immunoregulatory effects of APS are mediated, at least in part, via the activation of the NF-κB p65/MAPK signaling pathway.

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“…Therefore, it is important to build a feasible method for extracting and purifying alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) to develop new functional foods or pharmaceutical agents [13,19]. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies that have focused on the extracting technologies, biological activities [20,21,22], and molecular mechanisms of various plant-derived polysaccharides [8,23]. However, there is still some controversy surrounding the relationship between the components and bioactivities of APS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extract Methods, Molecular Characteristics, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharide from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Zhang

et al. 2019

Nutrients

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The polysaccharide isolated from alfalfa was considered to be a kind of macromolecule with some biological activities; however, its molecular structure and effects on immune cells are still unclear. The objectives of this study were to explore the extraction and purifying methods of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) polysaccharide (APS) and decipher its composition and molecular characteristics, as well as its activation to lymphocytes. The crude polysaccharides isolated from alfalfa by water extraction and alcohol precipitation methods were purified by semipermeable membrane dialysis. Five batches of alfalfa samples were obtained from five farms (one composite sample per farm) and three replicates were conducted for each sample in determination. The results from ion chromatography (IC) analysis showed that the APS was composed of fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid (GalA), and glucuronic acid (GlcA) with a molar ratio of 2.6:8.0:4.7:21.3:3.2:1.0:74.2:14.9. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw), number-average molecular weight (Mn), and Z-average molecular weight (Mz) of APS were calculated to be 3.30 × 106, 4.06 × 105, and 1.43 × 108 g/mol, respectively, according to the analysis by gel permeation chromatography-refractive index-multiangle laser light scattering (GPC-RI-MALS). The findings of electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) suggest that APS consists of seven linkage residues, namely 1,5-Araf, galactose (T-D-Glc), glucose (T-D-Gal), 1,4-Gal-Ac, 1,4-Glc, 1,6-Gal, and 1,3,4-GalA, with molar proportions of 10.30%, 4.02%, 10.28%, 52.29%, 17.02%, 3.52%, and 2.57%, respectively. Additionally, APS markedly increased B-cell proliferation and IgM secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner but not the proliferation and cytokine (IL-2, -4, and IFN-γ) expression of T cells. Taken together, the present results suggest that APS are macromolecular polymers with a molar mass (indicated by Mw) of 3.3 × 106 g/mol and may be a potential candidate as an immunopotentiating pharmaceutical agent or functional food.

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Alkali treated antioxidative crude polysaccharide from Russula alatoreticula potentiates murine macrophages by tunning TLR/NF-κB pathway

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Hot Water Extraction of Crude Polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and Determination of the Rheological Properties

Hot Water Extraction of Crude Polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and Determination of the Rheological Properties

Astragalus polysaccharide enhances the immune function of RAW264.7 macrophages via the NF‑κB p65/MAPK signaling pathway

Extract Methods, Molecular Characteristics, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharide from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

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