Alkaloids (emetine and cephalin) production – affected by full sunlight stress in Carapichea ipecacuanha

Abstract

This study evaluated the responses of Carapichea ipecacuanha to sunlight stress-induced changes in the electron transport chain and its extended effects on alkaloid production (emetine and cephalin). The treatments consisted of: (i). 50, 70 and 90% shading (controls) and their respective exposure to fullsunlight; besides, full sunlight (55 days of direct sun exposure). Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, antioxidant enzymatic system, and quantification of cephalin and emetine were analyzed. Several changes in the Chl a fluorescence induction was observed, such as a decline in the quantum yield of the conversion of photochemical energy and photosynthetic performance; increase in emetine production of plants exposed to full sunlight. These results demonstrated that ipecac plants are extremely sensitive to full exposure to solar radiation, especially in periods with high temperatures, such as in summer, however with increment in emetine production.