Alkoxysulfonate-Functionalized PEDOT Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films:  Electrochromic and Hole Transport Materials

Cutler, Charlotte; Bouguettaya, Mohamed; Kang, Tae‐Sik; Reynolds, John R.

doi:10.1021/ma047396+

Cited by 107 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…14, 16 As we see swelling upon oxidation, it is likely that anions enter the polymer in combination with additional self-doping. The suggested ion movements during oxidation are summarized in figure S1c.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Previously, it has been reported that an increased degree of self-doping is the dominating process during redoxswitching in these polymer systems. 14,16 Here, we report on the mechanism of swelling and subsequent detachment of the PEDOT-S:H films during electrochemical oxidation and how the detachment characteristics are influenced by the electrolyte used, its concentration, its pH level and temperature. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (EQCM-D) studies have been utilized to investigate and monitor the detachment mechanism.…”

Section: Figure 1 When a Thin Film Of Pedot-s:h (Left Panel) Is Submmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the first watersoluble conducting polymers 14,15 were reported, water-soluble PEDOT derivatives have been enabled for example through poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno [3,4-b]- [1,4]dioxin-2-yl-methoxy)-1-butanesulfonic acid, sodium salt (PEDOT-S). [16][17][18][19] We recently demonstrated human epithelial cell detachment using a PEDOT-S:H thin film. 20 In PEDOT-S:H, Na + has during synthesis been replaced by H + (or rather H 3 O + ) as the charge compensating ion to the sulphonate groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic Control over Detachment of a Self-Doped Water-Soluble Conjugated Polyelectrolyte

Persson

Gabrielsson

Sawatdee³

et al. 2014

Langmuir

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Water-soluble conducting polymers are of interest to enable more versatile processing in aqueous media as well as to facilitate interactions with biomolecules. Here, we report a substituted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivative (PEDOT-S:H) that is fully water-soluble and selfdoped. When electrochemically oxidizing a PEDOT-S:H thin film, the film detaches from the under-laying electrode. The oxidation of PEDOT-S:H starts with an initial phase of swelling followed by cracking before it finally disrupts into small flakes and detaches from the electrode.We investigated the detachment mechanism and found that parameters such as the size, charge and concentration of ions in the electrolyte, the temperature and also the pH influence the characteristics of detachment. When oxidizing PEDOT-S:H, the positively charged polymer backbone is balanced by anions from the electrolyte solution and also by the sulphonate groups 2 on the side chains (more self-doping). From our experiments, we conclude that detachment of the PEDOT-S:H film upon oxidation occurs in part due to swelling caused by an inflow of solvated anions and associated water, and in part due to chain rearrangements within the film, caused by more self-doping. We believe that PEDOT-S:H detachment can be of interest in a number of different applications, including addressed and active control of the release of materials such as biomolecules and cell cultures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Figure 1 When a Thin Film Of Pedot-s:h (Left Panel) Is Submmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic Control over Detachment of a Self-Doped Water-Soluble Conjugated Polyelectrolyte

Persson

Gabrielsson

Sawatdee³

et al. 2014

Langmuir

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“…(PEDOT-S) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) [29,30] in aqueous solution. This method modified PEDOT with salt group provided a simple means of displaying fast switching time and high coloration efficiency and had been found effective in electrochromic devices [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride

et al. 2016

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. (2016). Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride. Synthetic Metals, 211 147-154. Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based watersoluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochlorideAbstract 2'-Aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-MeNH2) showed unsatisfactory results when its polymerization occurred in organic solvent in our previous report. Therefore, a water-soluble EDOT derivative was designed by using hydrochloric modified EDOT-MeNH2 (EDOT-MeNH2·HCl) and electropolymerized in aqueous solution to form the corresponding polymer with excellent electrochromic properties. Moreover, the polymer was systematically explored, including electrochemical, optical properties and structure characterization. Cyclic voltammetry showed low oxidation potential of EDOT-MeNH2·HCl (0.85 V) in aqueous solution, leading to the facile electrodeposition of uniform the polymer film with outstanding electroactivity. Compared with poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOTMeNH2), poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene salt) (PEDOT-MeNH3 +A-) revealed higher efficiencies (156 cm2 C-1), lower bandgap (1.68 eV), and faster response time (1.4 s). Satisfactory results implied that salinization can not only change the polymerization system, but also adjust the optical absorption, thereby increase the electrochromic properties.

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“…Water-soluble PEDOT has been synthesized by adding an alkoxysulphonate functionality to the EDOT monomer, [50,51] resulting in the derivative poly(4-(2,3-…”

Section: Pedot-smentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Control of Cell Cultures Using Conjugated Polymer Surfaces

Persson¹

2014

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In the field of bioelectronics various electronic materials and devices are used in combination with biological systems in order to create novel applications within cell biology and medicine. A famous example of a successful bioelectronics application is the pacemaker. Metals are the most common electrical conductors, whereas polymers are generally considered being insulators. However, in the late 1970s it was shown that a special class of polymers with conjugated double bonds, could in fact, after some chemical modifications, conduct electricity. This was the start of the research field known as conducting polymers, and then later on organic electronics, a research area that has grown rapidly during the last decades. Conjugated polymers are also suitable to interact and interface with cells and tissues, as they are generally soft, flexible and biocompatible. In addition, their chemical properties can be tailor-made through synthesis to fit biological requirements and functions. During the last years applications using organic bioelectronics have become numerous. This thesis describes applications based on different conjugated polymers aiming to stimulate and control cell cultures. When culturing cells it is of interest to be able to control events such as adhesion, spreading, proliferation, differentiation and detachment. First, the impact of different polymer compositions and redox states on the adhesion of bacteria and subsequent biofilm formation was investigated. Similar polymer electrodes were also used to steer differentiation of neural stem cells, through changes in the surface exposure of a relevant biomolecule. Controlled delivery of molecules was achieved by coating nanoporous membranes with polymers that swell and contract when changing the redox state. Finally, electronic control over cell detachment using a water-soluble polymer was achieved. When applying a positive potential to this polymer, it swells, cracks and finally detaches, taking the cells that was cultured on top along with it. Together, the work and results presented in this thesis demonstrate a versatile conjugated polymer technology to achieve electronic control of the different growth stages of cell cultures as well as cellular functions. POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNINGOlika plaster finns numera överallt omkring oss och utgör ett av de absolut vanligaste materialen i vår vardag. Även elektronik har blivit en naturlig del av vår tillvaro och finns i en mängd olika produkter. Inom medicinsk teknik kommer allt fler applikationer som innefattar elektronik, ett exempel är pacemakern. Arbetet som ligger till grund för denna avhandling strävar efter att kombinera plaster och elektronik för tillämpningar inom medicin och cellbiologi.Plaster består till största delen av polymerer samt olika tillsatser för att få ett material med önskade egenskaper. Polymerer är i sin tur uppbyggda av långa kedjor av identiska molekylära byggstenar, så kallade monomerer. Monomerens kemi och struktur bestämmer även egenskaperna hos polymeren. Med hjä...

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Alkoxysulfonate-Functionalized PEDOT Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: Electrochromic and Hole Transport Materials

Cited by 107 publications

References 51 publications

Electronic Control over Detachment of a Self-Doped Water-Soluble Conjugated Polyelectrolyte

Electronic Control over Detachment of a Self-Doped Water-Soluble Conjugated Polyelectrolyte

Aqueous electrosynthesis of an electrochromic material based water-soluble EDOT-MeNH2 hydrochloride

Electronic Control of Cell Cultures Using Conjugated Polymer Surfaces

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