All-cellulose composites prepared from flax and lyocell fibres compared to epoxy–matrix composites

Gindl‐Altmutter, Wolfgang; Keckes, Jozef; Plackner, Johannes; Liebner, Falk; Englund, Karl; Laborie, Marie‐Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.05.011

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The plant fibers have been used in recent times to prepare a different type of bio‐composite. The new class is basically an All Plant Fiber Composite (APFC) . This material recently formed is eco‐friendly and if for its preparation petroleum‐based constituents are not used then it totally based on bio‐materials .…”

Section: Cassava Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava: Its polymer, fiber, composite, and application

2015

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Cassava is a type of plant which has different purposes of use. It is used to produce various foods, biofibers, bio-composites, and bio-polymers. Besides, it is now used as renewable energy source of starch. The intention of the paper is to focus on the importance of cassava fibers, polymers, and composites as well as its potential applications, another focus point of this research is the biodegradable polymer development which is taken out from cassava starch. Moreover, this work gives a comprehensive review about surface treatments as well as the most recent developments of cassava polymer/fiber based bio-composites and the summary of main result presented in the literature, focusing on properties of cassava composite and applications. These applications were related to various industrial application as well as others such as the production of xylenes, ethanol and bio-fuel, food, food packaging and cassava foam. POLYM. COMPOS., 00:000-000,

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Section: Cassava Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava: Its polymer, fiber, composite, and application

2015

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“…One factor being that the extra processing needed for such fibres, compared to FF, may lead to an increase in their relative cost. Also, their mechanical properties are generally lower than those of FF; hence, various strategies such as fibre treatments and using a mixture of fibre types have been proposed to improve the overall performance of such composites [24][25][26][27]. However, in terms of specific modulus and strength, FF usually still retain an advantage compared to regenerated CeF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices

et al. 2015

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Flax fibres and cellulose fibres were used to manufacture composites with particle-modified epoxy matrices in order to develop 'green' composites which possess relatively high values of interlaminar fracture energy, G c . The flax used had a unidirectional architecture of continuous yarns spun from short, interlocked fibres. The regenerated cellulose consisted of continuous and nontwisted pure cellulose fibres in a plain-woven architecture. The natural-fibre-reinforced-polymer (NFRP) composites employed an anhydride-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy as the matrix. The epoxy polymeric matrix was modified with (a) silica nanoparticles, (b) rubber microparticles, and (c) a combination of both of these types of particles to give a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. The composites were manufactured via a resin infusion under flexible-tooling (RIFT) process. Preliminary studies on the NFRP composites manufactured using the initial-RIFT process clearly showed the deleterious effect that moisture present in the natural fibres had upon the properties of the NFRP composites, since the trapped water cannot escape from the composite panel. Hence, an optimised-RIFT process was developed whereby the natural fibres were dried in a fan oven prior to being employed in the RIFT process. This reduced the water content of the fibres from around 9 to 10 wt% to about 1 wt%. Significant improvements in the physical and mechanical properties were recorded for the NFRP composites manufactured using this optimised-RIFT process. Indeed, in particular, very dramatic improvements in the G c of the NFRP composites were measured, especially when the epoxy polymeric matrix was modified using the silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles. For example, a steady-state propagation value of G c of about 1935 J/m 2 was measured for the flax-fibre composite with the hybrid epoxy matrix, compared to values of 1110 and 535 J/m 2 for the flax-fibre and glass-fibre composites based on the unmodified (i.e., the 'control') epoxy matrix, respectively.

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“…From an ecological point of view, ACCs are much more sustainable than traditional NFRPs because they are biodegradable, and they can potentially be recycled by redissolution in a suitable solvent for a subsequent composite manufacture (vide infra). So far, ionic liquids (ILs) have been used in single‐step processes . Generally, the manufacture of ACCs with the aid of ILs is an environmentally friendly, resource efficient way for the processing of cellulose, which is infusible and difficult to dissolve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Approach Toward Manufacture and Full Recycling of All‐Cellulose Composites

Spörl

Batti

Vocht

et al. 2017

Macro Materials & Eng

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All‐cellulose composites (ACCs) are prepared from high‐strength rayon fibers and cellulose pulp. The procedure comprises the use of a pulp cellulose solution in the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]) as a precursor for the matrix component. High‐strength rayon fibers/fabrics are embedded in this solution of cellulose in the IL followed by removal of the IL. Different concentrations of cellulose in the IL are investigated and the mechanical properties of the final ACCs are determined via tensile, bending, and impact testing. ACCs prepared in this study show mechanical properties comparable to thermoplastic glass fiber‐reinforced plastics. Apart from being bio‐based, they possess several advantages such as biodegradability and full recyclability. The recycling of ACCs is successfully demonstrated in several cycles by using the recycled cellulose for subsequent matrix preparation.

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All-cellulose composites prepared from flax and lyocell fibres compared to epoxy–matrix composites

Cited by 70 publications

References 29 publications

Cassava: Its polymer, fiber, composite, and application

Cassava: Its polymer, fiber, composite, and application

Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices

Ionic Liquid Approach Toward Manufacture and Full Recycling of All‐Cellulose Composites

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