All for one and one for all: Regionalization of the Drosophila intestine

Buchon, Nicolas; Osman, Dani

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.05.015

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Extensive published findings from the Drosophila model will certainly help to a better characterization of the mechanisms underlying mosquitoes gut homeostasis40. Our study provides evidence for the existence of regenerative cells and shows that they proliferate in damaged Aedes guts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Damage-Induced Cell Regeneration in the Midgut of Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes

Janeh

Osman

Kambris

2017

Sci Rep

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Mosquito-transmitted diseases cause over one million deaths every year. A better characterization of the vector’s physiology and immunity should provide valuable knowledge for the elaboration of control strategies. Mosquitoes depend on their innate immunity to defend themselves against pathogens. These pathogens are acquired mainly through the oral route, which places the insects’ gut at the front line of the battle. Indeed, the epithelium of the mosquito gut plays important roles against invading pathogens acting as a physical barrier, activating local defenses and triggering the systemic immune response. Therefore, the gut is constantly confronted to stress and often suffers cellular damage. In this study, we show that dividing cells exist in the digestive tract of adult A. albopictus and that these cells proliferate in the midgut after bacterial or chemical damage. An increased transcription of signaling molecules that regulate the EGFR and JAK/STAT pathways was also observed, suggesting a possible involvement of these pathways in the regeneration of damaged guts. This work provides evidence for the presence of regenerative cells in the mosquito guts, and paves the way towards a molecular and cellular characterization of the processes required to maintain mosquito’s midgut homeostasis in both normal and infectious conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Damage-Induced Cell Regeneration in the Midgut of Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes

Janeh

Osman

Kambris

2017

Sci Rep

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“…The gastric cecae (and crop in adults) contribute to nutrient digestion along the anterior and middle midgut with most absorption occurring with the help of the microvilli lining the posterior midgut (Buchon and Osman, 2015). Specialized sub-regions of the Drosophila alimentary tract exist, as in humans, and have been characterized by biochemical and gene expression studies, including regional TAG accumulation (Buchon and Osman, 2015;Gutierrez et al, 2007;Harrop et al, 2014, and references therein). Kidney-like Malpighian tubules link to the intestinal tract at the midgut/hindgut junction and function in filtration and excretion, whereas the hindgut reabsorbs ions and water.…”

Section: Diet-induced Obesity In Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophilaas a model to study obesity and metabolic disease

Musselman

Kühnlein

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

179

130

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Excess adipose fat accumulation, or obesity, is a growing problem worldwide in terms of both the rate of incidence and the severity of obesity-associated metabolic disease. Adipose tissue evolved in animals as a specialized dynamic lipid storage depot: adipose cells synthesize fat (a process called lipogenesis) when energy is plentiful and mobilize stored fat (a process called lipolysis) when energy is needed. When a disruption of lipid homeostasis favors increased fat synthesis and storage with little turnover owing to genetic predisposition, overnutrition or sedentary living, complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are more likely to arise. The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is used as a model to better understand the mechanisms governing fat metabolism and distribution. Flies offer a wealth of paradigms with which to study the regulation and physiological effects of fat accumulation. Obese flies accumulate triacylglycerols in the fat body, an organ similar to mammalian adipose tissue, which specializes in lipid storage and catabolism. Discoveries in Drosophila have ranged from endocrine hormones that control obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis, many of which are evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, obese flies exhibit pathophysiological complications, including hyperglycemia, reduced longevity and cardiovascular functionsimilar to those observed in obese humans. Here, we review some of the salient features of the fly that enable researchers to study the contributions of feeding, absorption, distribution and the metabolism of lipids to systemic physiology.

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“…svb was identified as a functional integrator of signaling pathways, including Wnt, EGFR, Hedgehog and Notch, mediating their roles in the terminal differentiation of embryonic epidermal cells (Payre, 2004). Since these pathways are well-established to control ISC maintenance, proliferation and differentiation (reviewed in (Buchon and Osman, 2015)), we investigated whether Svb could also mediate their activity in intestinal stem cells.…”

Section: Svb Acts Downstream Of Wnt and Egfr Mitogenic Pathways In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gut homeostasis further relies on a tight regulation of ISC division through cooperative activity of additional signaling pathways (reviewed in (Buchon and Osman, 2015)). For instance, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wingless (Wg) and JAK-STAT pathways contribute to ISC preservation and proliferation in a redundant manner, and loss of all three pathways is needed to abrogate ISC maintenance Jiang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shavenbaby protein isoforms orchestrate the self-renewalversusdifferentiation ofDrosophilaintestinal stem cells

Hayek

Alsawadi

Kambris

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Signaling pathways are key regulators of adult stem cell homeostasis and underlying mechanisms are often deregulated in cancers. Recent studies of epithelial tumors have involved OvoL/Svb transcription factors, which produce isoforms with antagonistic activities. Here we show that Svb, the unique OvoL factor in Drosophila, directly integrates multiple signaling inputs to coordinate the behavior of adult intestinal stem cell lineage. Under steady state, Svb mediates Wnt and EGFR signaling to ensure stem cell renewal and progenitor survival. This requires the post-translational processing of Svb into a transcriptional activator by Polished rice (Pri) regulatory peptides, under the regulation of ecdysone signaling. In response to PDM1, Svb expression is specifically maintained in enterocytes where it acts as a transcriptional repressor sufficient to override mitogenic signals and impose differentiation. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the OvoL/Svb transcriptional switch controls the balance between stem cell survival, selfrenewal and differentiation.

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All for one and one for all: Regionalization of the Drosophila intestine

Cited by 49 publications

References 71 publications

Damage-Induced Cell Regeneration in the Midgut of Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes

Damage-Induced Cell Regeneration in the Midgut of Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes

Drosophilaas a model to study obesity and metabolic disease

Shavenbaby protein isoforms orchestrate the self-renewalversusdifferentiation ofDrosophilaintestinal stem cells

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