All solution-processed ITO free flexible organic light-emitting diodes

Murat, Yolande; Petersons, Karlis; Lanka, Deepak; Lindvold, Lars René; Yde, Leif; Stensborg, Jan; Gerken, Martina

doi:10.1039/d0ma00618a

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Full solution processing, on the other hand, overcomes these challenges and is considered ideal in terms of manufacturing cost. 17, 18 Prior, we successfully fabricated large-area flexible OLEDs using slot-die coating on flexible transparent substrates under ambient conditions. 19,20 By optimizing the electron injection/ transport layers, particularly the poly((9,9-bis(3′-(N,Ndimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) (PFN) layer, we achieved enhanced OLED performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-Processable Self-Doped Hole-Injection Layer for Large-Area, Air-Processed, Slot-Die-Coated Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Gasonoo,

Beaumont,

Hoff

et al. 2023

Chem. Mater.

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Hole-injection layers (HILs) play a pivotal role in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by enabling the efficient injection of positive charge carriers (holes) into the active layer, thus facilitating light emission. This research paper focuses on enhancing the processability and performance of solution-processed HILs in OLEDs by utilizing a water-processable self-doped polymer, P2. The P2 film, deposited via slot-die coating, exhibits exceptional uniformity, high transmittance (85%) across the visible spectrum, and a smooth surface (with a root-mean-square roughness of 1.4 nm) comparable to state-of-the-art poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films. The P2 HIL in a four-layer OLED structure, consisting of a PET/ITO/HIL/hole transport layer (HTL)/emissive layer (EML)/electron transport layer (ETL)/Ag, with poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as the HTL, Super Yellow (SY) as the EML, and poly((9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) (PFN) as the ETL, demonstrates enhanced hole injection and transport properties. Flexible OLEDs incorporating P2 HILs, fabricated and tested under ambient conditions on a large-area (4 × 40 mm) indium–tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, demonstrate a maximum current efficiency of 1.24 cd/A, surpassing devices with PEDOT:PSS HILs by 82%. Moreover, a significant 50% reduction in turn-on voltage is observed compared with analogous devices using a PEDOT:PSS layer. This work contributes to the advancement of the OLED technology for various commercial optoelectronic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hybrid approach of incorporating thermal evaporation for organic layers in solution-processed OLEDs adds complexity to the fabrication process and hampers manufacturing scalability. Full solution processing, on the other hand, overcomes these challenges and is considered ideal in terms of manufacturing cost. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Processable Self-Doped Hole-Injection Layer for Large-Area, Air-Processed, Slot-Die-Coated Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Gasonoo,

Beaumont,

Hoff

et al. 2023

Chem. Mater.

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“…There are a few substitutes for ITO-electrodes, organic materials, and metals have exceptional mechanical capabilities, making it possible to create flexible displays on plastic substrates. [12][13][14] Rapid and high throughput solution-based technologies, such as roll-to-roll printing, screen printing, spray coating, and inkjet-printing (IJP), are employed to deposit thin metallic/organic films. [15][16][17] However, IJP has a remarkably low material loss rate at every stage compared to other printing technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐Area Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Hybrid Electrodes with Photonic Sintered Silver Grids/High Conductive Polymer

Kant,

Mahmood,

Seetharaman

et al. 2023

Small Methods

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The field of printed organic electronics has not only made flexible devices accessible but also allows the production process toward a high throughput industrial scale. The current research involves the inkjet‐printing of an indium tin oxide‐free large‐area flexible hybrid electrode compose of a high conductivity organic layer (PEDOT: PSS) as a main electrode and inorganic silver nanoparticles‐based grid/film for the auxiliary electrode. The current bottleneck in the roll‐to‐roll production of printed electronics is the time required for the conductive inks to dry and sinter. Flash sintering is used to dry nano‐silver conductive ink to 77.6 m Ω □−1 sheet resistance in <20 ms, the quickest annealing procedure, without damaging flexible substrates. Flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are created with a large active area (500 mm2) to demonstrate the efficacy of the flexible hybrid electrodes and the excellent bending stability (4 mm bending radius) of OLEDs. Maximum current efficiency of 19.58 cd A−1 and a maximum luminescence of 8708 cd m−2 at a low turn‐on voltage of 3.1 V for the small‐area (16 mm2) OLEDs are achieved. This method is promising for reducing indium consumption and paving the way for creating new high throughout hybrid electrodes for large‐area flexible printed electronics.

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“…The widely used indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode is too brittle and so it is not compatible with the mechanical flexibility desired in the final product. In addition, the increasing prices of ITO due to the decreasing availability intensify the search for alternatives, such as thermal evaporation of thin metallic films or dielectric‐metal‐dielectric compounds or solution‐based methods such as spin coating, screen printing, roll‐to‐roll printing, spray coating and inkjet printing 32,33 . Therefore, the employment of PLA as flexible substrate drives toward ITO‐free OLED structures where the substitution of ITO with proper anodic materials has a crucial role in the efficiency of the final device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and biocompatibility analysis of flexible organic light emitting diodes on poly(lactic acid) substrates: toward the development of greener bio‐electronic devices

Prontera

Villani

Palamà

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The use of biodegradable and biocompatible materials for electronic applications is a research topic of great interest, offering the possibility to develop bio-electronic devices and reduce e-wastes. In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films were prepared to be employed as substrates in flexible optoelectronic devices and their functionality was tested in indium tin oxide-free organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The PLA substrates were fabricated by extrusion and characterized in terms of morphological, optical and wettability properties. The films showed optical transmittance of about 90% in the visible region and surface roughness of about 12 nm, optical and morphological parameters suitable for OLED applications. Different structures were fabricated on top of the PLA substrates by hybrid technology through solution-based and thermal evaporation deposition methods. Good electro-optical properties were detected in iridium complexes-based devices, with current efficiencies of about 14 and 1 cd/A in structures with tris[2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N]iridium(III) (Ir[ppy] 3 ) and bis[2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-C2,N](picolinato)iridium (FIrPic) as emitting layer, respectively. The biocompatibility assay showed that the encapsulated devices do not release toxic substances and their biocompatibility can be improved by selecting different encapsulating glues. The results of this study show the potentiality of PLA as substrate for the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable optoelectronic devices opening new routes for the development of advanced bio-electronic systems.

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All solution-processed ITO free flexible organic light-emitting diodes

Abstract: Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing and coating techniques can be the answer to a low cost and large-area mass production for organic electronics devices. While the research in the photovoltaic field has...

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Water-Processable Self-Doped Hole-Injection Layer for Large-Area, Air-Processed, Slot-Die-Coated Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Water-Processable Self-Doped Hole-Injection Layer for Large-Area, Air-Processed, Slot-Die-Coated Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Large‐Area Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Hybrid Electrodes with Photonic Sintered Silver Grids/High Conductive Polymer

Fabrication and biocompatibility analysis of flexible organic light emitting diodes on poly(lactic acid) substrates: toward the development of greener bio‐electronic devices

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