Allelic variation at the <i>EF-G</i> locus among northern Moroccan six-rowed barleys

Baba, Takahide; Tanno, Ken-ichi; Furusho, Masahiko; Komatsuda, Takao

doi:10.1017/s1479262111000451

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The evaluation of both SBCC parents revealed that they present a virulence pattern close to the resistance traditionally described as Rh4 (Graner and Tekauz 1996), later renamed by Bjørnstad et al (2002) as Rrs1 Rh4 , to indicate that it belongs to the Rrs1 locus. This resistance seems typical of accessions originating in North Africa or the Western Mediterranean region: CIho 3515 is Spanish, Osiris and Malebo (parent of Yerong) from Algeria and La Mesita is from Egypt, along one of the possible paths of expansion of barley from the Fertile Crescent towards the West (Baba et al, 2011;Igartua et al 2013). Therefore, it may have evolved in response to pathotypes prevalent in that region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fine mapping of the Rrs1 resistance locus against scald in two large populations derived from Spanish barley landraces

et al. 2013

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In two Spanish barley landraces with outstanding resistance to scald, the Rrs1 Rh4 locus was fine mapped including all known markers used in previous studies and closely linked markers were developed. Scald, caused by Rhynchosporium commune, is one of the most prevalent barley diseases worldwide. A search for new resistance sources revealed that Spanish landrace-derived lines SBCC145 and SBCC154 showed outstanding resistance to scald. They were crossed to susceptible cultivar Beatrix to create large DH-mapping populations of 522 and 416 DH lines that were scored for disease resistance in the greenhouse using two R. commune isolates. To ascertain the pattern of resistance, parents and reference barley lines with known scald resistance were phenotyped with a panel of differential R. commune isolates. Subpopulations were genotyped with the Illumina GoldenGate 1,536 SNP Assay and a large QTL in the centromeric region of chromosome 3H, known to harbour several scald resistance genes and/or alleles, was found in both populations. Five SNP markers closest to the QTL were converted into CAPS markers. These CAPS markers, together with informative SSR markers used in other scald studies, confirmed the presence of the Rrs1 locus. The panel of differential scald isolates indicated that the allele carried by both donors was Rrs1 Rh4 . The genetic distance between Rrs1 and its flanking markers was 1.2 cM (11_0010) proximally and 0.9 cM (11_0823) distally, which corresponds to a distance of just below 9 Mbp. The number and nature of scald resistance genes on chromosome 3H are discussed. The effective Rrs1 allele found and the closely linked markers developed are already useful tools for molecular breeding programs and provide a good step towards the identification of candidate genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fine mapping of the Rrs1 resistance locus against scald in two large populations derived from Spanish barley landraces

et al. 2013

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“…The most relevant information comes from the interpretation of results on nucleotide variation at the cMWG699 locus (which encodes elongation factor G), and is linked closely to VRS1, the main locus that determines spike type in barley. The D haplotype of this locus was described byTanno et al (2002) andBaba et al (2011) to be characteristic of the Western Mediterranean region, because it occurred only in some six-rowed and two-rowed barley accessions from North Africa and in Moroccan wild barley Tanno et al (2002). interpreted the distribution of haplotypes for this gene across germplasm groups as indirect evidence to support the multiple origin hypothesis for six-rowed barley.Baba et al…”

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confidence: 98%

Whole-genome analysis with SNPs from BOPA1 shows clearly defined groupings of Western Mediterranean, Ethiopian, and Fertile Crescent barleys

Igartua

Moralejo

Casas

et al. 2012

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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The discovery of Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch, a wild ancestor of cultivated barley, in Morocco in 1978 led to the proposal of a multicentric origin for this crop, as an alternative to the widely accepted theory of a single centre of domestication in the Fertile Crescent. Since this discovery, we have tested this hypothesis using the most advanced genetic techniques available at the time, from CM-proteins to RFLP and DNA-chloroplast markers. Nowadays, the availability of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that are spread densely over the barley genome provides us with another powerful tool to give further support for the above. We have used 1,536 SNPs from the Barley Oligo Pool Assay 1 (BOPA1) of Illumina to characterize 107 wild and cultivated barley accessions from the Western Mediterranean, Fertile Crescent, Ethiopia, and Tibet. The results have confirmed that each location of the above-mentioned germplasm groups clusters separately. Analysis of molecular variance enabled us to focus on the chromosomal regions and loci that differentiated these groups of barley germplasm. Some of these regions contain vernalization and photoperiod response genes, some of the so-called domestication genes, as well as the most important quantitative trait locus for flowering time in the Mediterranean region. We have combined these results with other genetic evidence, and interpreted them in the framework of current theories on the onset of the Neolithic revolution in the Mediterranean region, to conclude that neither Ethiopia nor the Western Mediterranean can be ruled out as centres of barley domestication, together with the Fertile Crescent.

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“…Considering together the presence of the precursor allele of Vrs1.b5 (vrs1.a2) exclusively in Western Europe and, in lower frequencies, in Morocco (Casas et al 2005, Baba et al 2011, and data derived from Digel et al 2016, andRussell et al 2016), and the discovery of Vrs1.b5 in Spanish landraces, we hypothesize that this new allele is native to the western part of the Old World.…”

Section: Origin Of Vrs1b5mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Several surveys done with this marker concluded that the D-type (associated to vrs1.a2 and Vrs1.b2) was found preferentially in the Mediterranean region (Tanno et al 1999(Tanno et al , 2002Casas et al 2005;Baba et al 2011), but it was also present in winter six-rowed cultivars from Germany, France, and other western European countries (Casas et al, 2005). Since both two-and six-rowed barleys carrying the D allele are present in North Africa, Baba et al (2011) proposed that the origin of the D allele was in Morocco. Our results illustrate that the D allele is profusely present in Spanish six-rowed landraces, most of them with the vrs1.a2 allele, and in a small group of two-rowed landraces featuring the new Vrs1.b5 allele.…”

Section: Origin Of Vrs1b5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resequencing theVrs1 gene in Spanish barley landraces revealed reversion of six-rowed to two-rowed spike

et al. 2018

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Six-rowed spike 1 (Vrs1) is a gene of major importance for barley breeding and germplasm management as is the main gene determining spike row-type (2-rowed vs 6-rowed). This is a widely used DUS trait, and has been often associated to phenotypic traits beyond spike type. Comprehensive re-sequencing Vrs1 revealed three two-rowed alleles (Vrs1.b2; Vrs1.b3; Vrs1.t1) and four six-rowed (vrs1.a1; vrs1.a2; vrs1.a3; vrs1.a4) in the natural population. However, the current knowledge about Vrs1 alleles and its distribution among Spanish barley subpopulations is still underexploited. We analyzed the gene in a panel of 215 genotypes, made of Spanish landraces and European cultivars. Among 143 six-rowed accessions, 57 had the vrs1.a1 allele, 83 were vrs1.a2 and three showed the vrs1.a3 allele. Vrs1.b3 was found in most two-rowed accessions, and a new allele was observed in 7 out of 50 two-rowed Spanish landraces. This allele, named Vrs1.b5, contains a 'T' insertion in exon 2, originally proposed as the causal mutation giving rise to the six-row vrs1.a2 allele, but has an additional upstream deletion that results in the change of 15 amino acids and a potentially functional protein. We conclude that eight Vrs1 alleles (Vrs1.b2, Vrs1.b3, Vrs1.b5, Vrs1.t1, vrs1.a1, vrs1.a2, vrs1.a3, vrs1.a4) discriminate two and six-rowed barleys. The markers described will be useful for DUS identification, plant breeders, and other crop scientists.

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Allelic variation at the EF-G locus among northern Moroccan six-rowed barleys

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Fine mapping of the Rrs1 resistance locus against scald in two large populations derived from Spanish barley landraces

Fine mapping of the Rrs1 resistance locus against scald in two large populations derived from Spanish barley landraces

Whole-genome analysis with SNPs from BOPA1 shows clearly defined groupings of Western Mediterranean, Ethiopian, and Fertile Crescent barleys

Resequencing theVrs1 gene in Spanish barley landraces revealed reversion of six-rowed to two-rowed spike

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