Allelopathic weed suppression in agroecosystems: A review of theories and practices

Abstract

Weeds cause great problems to humankind by interfering in food production, health, economic stability, and welfare. The overuse of synthetic herbicides for weed control eventually leads to the evolution of herbicide resistant weeds, which also resulted in growing public concern over their impacts upon human health. The intensification of arable farming has also had a simultaneous impact on the environment. This intensification of the landscape may disrupt natural processes, such as resistance to plant invasion. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address these production constraints by suggesting applications of allelopathy via smother cropping, because this may ease the incidence of herbicide resistance and in the process promote cultivated plant diversity and thereby maintaining healthy agroecosystems. Weed resistance to herbicides presents one of the greatest current economic challenges to agriculture. System-oriented approaches to weed management that make better use of alternative weed management tactics need to be developed. Plant roots exude a wide variety of metabolites, some of which may act as allelochemicals and mediate interactions between plants and other organisms. These metabolites are in essence chemicals from nature which may be exploited for weed management as an alternative weed control option. Smother crops, as well as its mulches, have been shown to release allelochemicals, which were inhibitory to weeds. The principal goal of smother crops is to control weeds by replacing an unmanageable weed population with a manageable smother crop. More data from the grey area where agriculture and ecology overlap will enable the greater use of ecosystem services for crop protection in agricultural production and consequently reduce the incidence of resistance to agricultural chemicals.

Assessering van die onkruidspektrum en assosiasies daarvan met onderdrukkende verbouingstrategieë op George

“…Langtermyn veldeksperimente is veral belangrik om veranderinge in die samestelling van die onkruidspektrum te evalueer (Ruisi et al, 2015). Verder sal navorsing oor die rol van allelopatie in smoorgewasverbouing en deklae, sowel as alle aspekte van verboude ekosisteme (Ferreira & Reinhardt, 2016)…”

Allelochemicals extract of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) modulates wheat growth through alterations in anatomical architecture

“…Allelopathy is the release of phytochemicals that influence growth and development of other plants. It enhances the competitive success of the plant invaders, since the release of these phytotoxins in the environment may affect the growth and life processes of other species (Ferreira and Reinhardt 2016; Mirmostafaee et al . 2020).…”