Allergens in red ginseng extract induce the release of mediators associated with anaphylactoid reactions

Abstract

BackgroundAnaphylactoid reactions induced by preparations containing red ginseng have been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the allergenicity and screen potential allergens in red ginseng extract thoroughly.MethodsRed ginseng extract (RGE) and different fractions of RGE were prepared and evaluated by measuring the degranulation and viability of rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 (RBL-2H3) cells. Potential allergens were screened by RBL-2H3 cell extraction and allergenicity verified in RBL-2H3 cells, mouse peritoneal mast cells, Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) human mast cells and mice, respectively.Results80% ethanol extract of red ginseng extract induced mast cell degranulation with less cytotoxicity, but 40% ethanol extract could not. Ginsenoside Rd and 20(S)-Rg3 could induce a significant increase in β-hexosaminidase release, histamine release and translocation of phosphatidylserine in RBL-2H3 cells. Ginsenoside Rd and 20(S)-Rg3 also increased β-hexosaminidase release and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in mouse peritoneal mast cells and LAD2 cells. In addition, histamine levels in serum of mice were elevated dose-dependently.ConclusionsGinsenoside Rd and 20(S)-Rg3 are potential allergens that induce the release of mediators associated with anaphylactoid reactions. Our study could guide optimization of methods associated with Rd/20(S)-Rg3-containing preparations and establishment of quality standards for safe application of Traditional Chinese Medicines.

Pseudo‐allergic compounds screened from Shengmai injection by using high‐expression Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 cell membrane chromatography online coupled with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

“…The results about Rd and Rg 3 are consistent with the study by Lu et al. [26]. It was first found that the ginsenoside Ro could cause LAD2 (the only human analogue [27]) cell degranulation.…”

Anti-pseudo-allergic components in licorice extract inhibit mast cell degranulation and calcium influx

“…Therefore, cell membrane chromatography and cell membrane extraction have been used in many studies and have some advantages over conventional methods (which are timeconsuming and arduous) for the preliminary investigation of potential bioactive components of TCMs. Based on our previous study [17], GA and LA were screened and identi ed by RBL-2H3 cell extraction, which supplied a feasible method for preliminarily identifying potential anti-pseudo-allergic components in TCMs.…”

Aurora kinase inhibitor tozasertib suppresses mast cell activation in vitro and in vivo

“…After stimulation with 100 ng·ml −1 of DNP‐HSA Ag for 30 min, supernatants were collected separately to determine β‐hexosaminidase levels. LAD2 cells were treated with different concentrations of tozasertib for 1 hr, incubated with PMACI (10‐μM PMA and 500‐nM CI) for 30 min, and the supernatant was collected to determine β‐hexosaminidase levels (Park et al, 2018; Testai et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2017).…”