Allergic rhinitis nasal mucosal conditioned medium stimulates growth and differentiation of basophil/mast cell and eosinophil progenitors from atopic blood

Hemopoietic Mechanisms in Allergic Airway Inflammation

“…Indeed, we have recently observed that both a serum hemopoietic factor, as well as an innate tendency for bone marrow responsiveness, can combine to contribute to ongoing inflammatory responses in the canine airway [38]. This further extends previous findings we have reported in patients with allergic rhinitis in which both the capacity of upper airway tissues to produce relevant hemopoietic growth factors, as well as increases in target circulating Eo/B progenitors, are critical in developing and maintaining an upregulation of hemopoietic responses in airway inflammation [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. …”

“…Inflamed tissues from patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis produce hemopoietic cytokines which promote the differentiation and maturation of CFU–Eo/B, as well as of mast cell progenitors; we have termed this tissue–driven response 'in situ hemopoiesis' [19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25]. …”

Nerve growth factor promotes human hemopoietic colony growth and differentiation.

“…by using rosetting with sheep erythrocytes treated with 2-aminoacetylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (Sigma) (33,34 Our previous work suggesting the elaboration of nasal mucosal basophil/mast cell growth-promoting factors in nasal allergy (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) supports the concept that, in situ, growth and differentiation of hemopoietic cells are involved in allergic inflammatory disease. NGF is secreted by fibroblasts (46) and can induce in dose-dependent manner significant increases in mast cell numbers of both mucosal and connective tissue type, according to their normal predominance in a particular tissue, after injection into neonatal rats (8,9).…”

“…Basophil/mast cell and eosinophil differentiation-promoting factors are produced by human nasal polyp and allergic rhinitis mucosal epithelial scrapings in vitro, suggesting the importance of locally derived factors in the regulation of numbers of these specialized granulocytes in allergic inflammation (17,18). We have also shown extensive mast cell/nerve structural membranemembrane associations in normal and inflamed rat intestines (9,10).…”

Structural Cell-Derived Cytokines in Allergic Inflammation

“…Specifically, allergic rhini tis nasal mucosal epithelial scrapings were shown to produce a higher colony-stimulating activity in vitro than normal nasal mucosal epithelial scrapings; this activity was most pronounced when supernatants of epithelial cultures from individuals with allergic rhi nitis were used to stimulate circulating (activated?) progenitor cell populations from this group of pa tients, as opposed to those from nonatopic subjects [14][15][16][17], Moreover, colony-stimulating activity was elabo rated in high amounts into supernatants of nasal mu cosal epithelial scrapings taken from excised polyp tissue prepared ex vivo [14,17]. In the context of doc umentation that both allergic rhinitis and nasal polyp tissues contain, throughout the epithelial and subepithelial-stromal levels, significant numbers of muco sal mast cells as well as (in the situation of polyps) activated eosinophils [18,19], these initial culture studies suggested that immature, inflammatory cell progenitors may be influenced locally by epitheliumand subepithelium-derived factors, among which were the hemopoietic colony-stimulating factors.…”