Allogeneic Dentin Graft: A Review on Its Osteoinductivity and Antigenicity

Abstract

Studies on allogeneic demineralized dentin matrix (Allo-DDM) implantation in the 1960s and 1970s provided the most reliable preclinical evidence of bone formation and antigenicity in an extraosseous site. Recently, applications of Allo-DDM at skeletal sites were studied, and have provided reliable evidence of bone-forming capacity and negligible antigenicity. However, the osteoinductivity and antigenicity properties of Allo-DDM in extraskeletal sites have not yet been investigated due to the lack of follow-up studies after the initial research. The clinical applications of autogenous DDM (Auto-DDM) have been standardized in some countries. Long-term clinical studies have reported the development of several shapes of Auto-DDM, such as powders, blocks, moldable forms, and composites, with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. For the development of Allo-DDM as a reliable bone graft substitute next to Auto-DDM, we reviewed preclinical studies on the bone induction capacity of allogeneic dentin at extraskeletal as well as skeletal sites. Electronic databases were screened for this review in January 2020 and searched from 1960 to 2019. This review aims to provide a foundation on the preclinical studies of Allo-DDM, which could enable future researches on its osteogenic capability and antigenicity. In conclusion, Allo-DDM showed great potential for osteoinductivity in extraskeletal sites with low antigenicity, which neither adversely affected osteogenic capability nor provoked immunologic reactions. However, the risk of viral disease transmission should be researched before the clinical application of Allo-DDM.

Different grinding speeds affect induced regeneration capacity of human treated dentin matrix

“…It suggested that only the outer surface of HTDM has the conditions to form neo‐cementum, including scaffold structure, material microenvironment, et al, and the formation of neo‐cementum was directional too, consistent with the development of cementum and the secretion of extracellular matrix on the outer surface of HTDM in vitro. This was consistent with lots of literatures of demineralized dentin matrix, which have shown that demineralized dentin matrix has strong osteogenic induction ability, and even freeze‐dried or inactivated dentin matrix can induce osteogenesis 55‐57 . The osteogenic induction ability of demineralized dentin matrix may be independent of the active proteins in dentin.…”

“…This was consistent with lots of literatures of demineralized dentin matrix, which have shown that demineralized dentin matrix has strong osteogenic induction ability, and even freeze-dried or inactivated dentin matrix can induce osteogenesis. [55][56][57] The osteogenic induction ability of demineralized dentin matrix may be independent of the active proteins in dentin. On the other hand, there was no neo-dentin or mineralized tissue formation on the outer surface of LTDM, and there were masses of cells and some collagen fibers, which were tightly bound to the outer surface of LTDM.…”

Manufacture and preliminary evaluation of acellular tooth roots as allografts for alveolar ridge augmentation

“…In fact, the topic of tooth root grafts and specifically allografts has been extensively investigated in the 1960s–1970s, and the topic regained interest in recent years 28 . However, ATR in the present study is quite different from the demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) in previous studies, although they look similar.…”

In vitro Cell Proliferation Assay of Demineralized Dentin Material Membrane in Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells

“…Bovine dentine is easy to obtain, morphologically similar to human dentine, and possesses protein derivatives to support bone growth, namely BMP and TGF-β. 1,5,9,10 Performance measurement of mitochondrial dehydrogenase, also known as 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl test) −2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium; MTT), is a rapid assessment of cell proliferation and a colorimetric cytotoxicity test that can be lead into the cell metabolism or cell function measurement. The 446 basic idea is that the tetrazole ring would be cut by mitochondrial dehydrogenase in the cytochrome b and c sites of live cells.…”