Allograft-inflammatory factor-1 in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and uveitis: Expression by activated macrophages and microglial cells

Development of a Rab9 Transgenic Mouse and Its Ability to Increase the Lifespan of a Murine Model of Niemann-Pick Type C Disease

“…22,23 To examine the possibility that Rab9 expression has an effect on the activation of microglia, brain sections from the cerebellum were stained with a microglial-specific antibody, Iba1. 24 In agreement with previous reports, the NPC mut/mut sample showed a large accumulation of microglia with the typical amoeboid morphology characteristic of activated cells, whereas only ramified (resting) microglia were seen in NPC WT/WT animals. 4,22,25 However, there was no obvious difference in NPC mut/mut mice with or without expression of the Rab9 transgene in either 7-or 10-week-old animals (data not shown).…”

Loss of Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Limiting Encephalitogenic CD4 T-Cell Expansion

“…Expression of Aif-1 increases above basal levels in these cell types (16)(17)(18) in neuro-inflammatory disease models (19). Conceivably, increased expression of Aif-1 during EAE pathogenesis (20,21) could promote T cell, macrophage and/or microglial proinflammatory functions and overall disease activity. Alternatively, Aif-1-dependent microglial phagocytosis (23) and clearance of cellular debris could be important as means to limit inflammation and enhance regenerative processes (11 mice, the Aif-1-deficient mice had lower incidence and severity of induced disease.…”

“…Aif-1 expression is induced in microglial cells in different stages of EAE in rat and mouse models (20,21) Figure 1B) throughout the disease evaluation period. Although the timing of disease onset and time to peak disease were similar in both groups ( tent with the decreased incidence and severity of disease.…”

“…The significance of increased Aif-1 expression in neuroinflammatory diseases such as EAE (20,21) has not been characterized. Overexpression of Aif-1 in MOLT-4 T cells increases proliferation, migration and activation (17) and in macrophage cell lines enhances production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12 and IL-10 (22).…”

Allograft inflammatory factor-1 augments macrophage phagocytotic activity and accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice

“…AIF-1 is expressed in cells of a monocyte/macrophage lineage and augmented by interferon (IFN)-γ, suggesting a novel molecular involvement in allogeneic responses. AIF-1 expression has also been demonstrated in macrophages and microglial cells during experimental autoimmune inflammation (3,4) and cerebral infarction (5), as well as in devascularized skeletal muscle tissues (6), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) at the site of injury with balloon angioplasty (7,8) and activated T cells (9). Thus, AIF-1 may play a pivotal role not only in immune responses to alloantigens but also in various host responses to inflammatory stimuli.…”