Alloxan: An unpredictable drug for diabetes induction?

Misra, Monika; Aiman, Umme

doi:10.4103/0253-7613.99348

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This observation is consistent with the previous reports on the use of alloxan for induction of experimental diabetes. 1,10,11,19 The inconsistent increase and decrease in blood glucose level (BGL) observed in rats at different times in this study may reflects the anomaly of alloxan as a diabetogenic drug as proposed by Jain and Arya. 20 It could also be due to interplay of time dependent physiological changes in factors such as number of functional beta cells, insulin concentration and status of pancreatic antioxidant system, which are either directly or indirectly capable of influencing the concentration of blood glucose sequel to alloxan injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…200 mg/dL). 10 This often leads to time, energy and animal loss, since a new batch of normoglycemic animals have to be injected with alloxan in order to achieve the required number of diabetic animals statistically relevant for the study. Increase of alloxan dosage to 200 mg/kg BW appeared to be very effective as most of the animals exhibited a blood glucose level greater than 200 mg/ dL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time course effects of 5,5-dihydroxyl pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (alloxan) as a diabetogenic agent in animal model

Ighodaro

Adeosun

Asejeje

et al. 2018

Alexandria Journal of Medicine

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a b s t r a c tObjective: The use of alloxan as a diabetogenic agent at 150 mg/kg BW has been characterized by low percentage induction and instability of the hyperglycemia induced. The present study examined its time course effects with a view to suggesting the probable effective dose of the compound for animal studies. Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were equally randomized into two groups (I and II) and were injected with single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan, 170 and 200 mg/kg BW respectively. Blood glucose concentration (BGC) was monitored in consecutive phases of hourly for 3 h, 3 h interval for 15 h, 6 h interval for 12 h and 9 h after. Changes with time in biomarkers of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GST and MDA) and pancreas histopathology were studied. Results: Alloxan at the evaluated doses produced a multiphasic blood glucose response. One hour post alloxan injection, 90% of group I and 85% of group II animals exhibited diabetic hyperglycemia (glucose level ! 200 mg/dL). Groups I and II respectively produced peak levels of hyperglycemia (586.8 and 575.9 mg/dL) at 9 and 12 h post alloxan administration. Hypoglycemia which is characteristic of experimental diabetes was noted between the 15th and 21st hour in both groups (I and II) and resulted in 5 and 10% mortality respectively. At 36th hour, hyperglycemia was restored and apparently sustained. Changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress showed patterns similar to that of blood glucose, and the histopathological examination of the pancreas mainly indicated focal area of a necrotic islet and multifocal area of mild infiltration in both groups.Conclusion: The data obtained shows that alloxan at the investigated doses produced sustained hyperglycemia at 21st and 24th hour post administration, and 170 mg dosage of the compound is apparently a better diabetogenic dose, particularly in terms of reduced animal mortality. Ó 2018 Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course effects of 5,5-dihydroxyl pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (alloxan) as a diabetogenic agent in animal model

Ighodaro

Adeosun

Asejeje

et al. 2018

Alexandria Journal of Medicine

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“…5-(2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzylidene) [25,26] Experimental animals: Swiss albino mice weighing 25-30 g were used for this study. Animals were grouped and housed for one week to acclimatize to laboratory conditions before starting the experiment.…”

Section: Preparation Of 2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzaldehyde (4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Antidiabetic Evaluation of 5-(2-Methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzylidene)-3-alkyl/aryl substituted thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives

Reddy¹,

Reddy²

2018

Asian J. Chem.

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Compounds containing the thiazolidinedione moiety have been found to exhibit various pharmacological and biological activities viz., COX-2 inhibitor, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial etc. The present paper describes the synthesis of 5-(2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzylidene)-3-alkyl/aryl-substituted thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives (6a-6k) in five synthetic steps utilizing anacardic acid as starting material . The key steps involves (i) methylation of anacardic acid in presence of dimethyl carbonate in sealed tube (ii) methylester reduction in presence of sodium borohydride in refluxing 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (iii) oxidation of 1° alcohol in presence of CuBr, 2,2-bipyridine, TEMPO (iv) Condensation reaction of aldehyde with thiazolidinedione followed by alkylation. The newly synthesized 3-substituted N-alkyl/aryl-thiazolidine derivative were evaluated for antidiabetic property (alloxan induced diabetic mice), compounds 6a, 6b, 6c showed significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (when compared to standard drug with insulin).

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“…Induction of diabetes was performed according to Misra and Aiman (2012), with modification. Base line FBG was measured before alloxan injection (t(-1)).…”

Section: Induction Of Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Kalanchoe Pinnata Leaves in Alloxan Induced Hyperglycaemic Rats.

Dd¹

2016

Indonesian J. Pharm.

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Diabetes remains a major burden in health care both in developed and developing countries. Kalanchoe pinnata has been used as a traditional medicine to treat diabetes. The aim of this study to find scientific evidence of antidiabetic activity of Kalanchoe pinnata extract (KPE) through hypoglycemic effect using animal model of diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycaemia was developed in rats using alloxan 150mg/kgBW. Three days after alloxan injection, rats having fasting blood glucose (FBG) >200mg/dL were divided into six groups, namely HG (hyperglycaemia), HG+KPE high-dose (hyperglycaemia+ KPE 33.2mg/kg), HG+KPE medium-dose (hyperglycaemia+ KPE 11.6mg/kg), HG+KPE low-dose (hyperglycaemia+ KPE 5.8mg/kg), standard drug 1 (hyperglycaemia+glibenclamide 1.35mg/kg), standard drug 2 (hyperglycaemia+acarbose 13.5mg/kg). Then, FBG was measured every 5 days recorded as t1, t2, and t3 to determine fluctuations in blood glucose. At the end of the study, rats were sacrified, pancreas was collected and number of pancreatic beta cell langerhans was determined. KPE 11.6mg/kg showed best hypoglycemic effect and improvement of the number of pancreatic beta cell langerhans. KPE has hypoglycemic effect through improvement of the number of pancreatic beta cell langerhans but not in dose dependent manner.

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Alloxan: An unpredictable drug for diabetes induction?

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

Time course effects of 5,5-dihydroxyl pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (alloxan) as a diabetogenic agent in animal model

Time course effects of 5,5-dihydroxyl pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (alloxan) as a diabetogenic agent in animal model

Synthesis and Antidiabetic Evaluation of 5-(2-Methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzylidene)-3-alkyl/aryl substituted thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives

Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Kalanchoe Pinnata Leaves in Alloxan Induced Hyperglycaemic Rats.

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