Allozyme variation, linkage disequilibrium and diploid male production in a primitively social bee Augochlorella striata (Hymenoptera; Halictidae)

Packer, Laurence; Owen, Robin E.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1990.92

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This high level of sibling matings is consistent with observational work undertaken by Cowan (1978Cowan ( , 1979 In haplodiploid sex determination systems inbreeding with an associated increase in homozygosity will result in an increase in diploid males (Crozier, 1971) that are sterile or lower in viability than haploid males (Petters & Mettus, 1980). The number of males in Hymenopteran species that are found to be diploid is often considerably less than 10 per cent and typically only a few specimens are discovered (Crozier, 1971;Kukuk & May, 1990;Packer & Owen, 1990). Approximately 25 per cent of males electrophoresed were found to be diploid in this population of A. antilope, which is consistent with the high inbreeding level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Ten males were found to be heterozygous for at least one of the seven polymorphic loci and were deemed to be diploid. Diploid males in other Hymenopteran species have been found to differ in size from hapbid specimens (Packer & Owen, 1990;Mueller et al, 1994). Head width was measured and was assumed to correspond to the general size of individuals.…”

Section: Diploid Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extremely high levels of inbreeding in a natural population of the free-living wasp Ancistrocerus antilope (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

Chapman

Stewart

1996

Heredity

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An isozyme study was conducted on a natural population of the solitary trap-nesting eumenid wasp, Ancistrocerus antilope (Panzer). The inbreeding coefficient was estimated to be 0.757 over seven loci from 322 diploid individuals collected from 108 trap nests. This inbreeding coefficient corresponds to a mixed-mating system with 91.3 per cent of matings occurring between brothers and sisters and the remaining matings occurring randomly. This is the highest inbreeding coefficient yet reported for a free-living Hymenopteran species. If such a high inbreeding level was present in the common ancestor of the Eumeninae and Vespinae, it may have facilitated the evolution of eusociality among the Vespinae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Diploid Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely high levels of inbreeding in a natural population of the free-living wasp Ancistrocerus antilope (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

Chapman

Stewart

1996

Heredity

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“…Eqns 1 and 4 were given previously by Packer & Owen (1990). Note also that Ross & Fletcher (1985) solved the likelihood eqn 2 iteratively to obtain estimates of 0 and its variance.…”

Section: J(rn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…diploid) biased 0 like D, will also take values often considerably less than 10 per cent and so it is not at all surprising that although diploid males have been recorded in a number of species of Hymenoptera, usually only a few specimens in each have been found (Crozier, 1971;Kukuk & May, 1990;Packer & Owen, 1990). Surveys of populations using polymorphic gene loci (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the proportion of diploid males in populations of Hymenoptera

Owen

Packer

1994

Heredity

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Diploid males occur at low frequencies in natural populations of Hymenoptera as a consequence of the sex-determination system. Routine electrophoretic surveys will often reveal heterozygous diploid males. Maximum likelihood estimates are given for the proportion of males in the population that are diploid, when data are available from males only or from both males and females. In the simplest case, using male data only, qi = B2/2pq T2, where p and q are the gene frequencies at the marker locus, B2 is the number of heterozygous diploid males and T2 is the total number of males sampled. The variance V( 0) = Ø[1 -2pqØ -(1 -4pq)Ø2]/2pqT2. When both male and female data are available then 1, the proportion of diploids that are male, can also be estimated. This allows the approximate effective number of sex-determining alleles (assuming a single locus system) to be determined. Maximum likelihood estimates of have to be obtained numerically when data are available from multiple-allelic or multiple marker loci.

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“…Parker & Owen (1990) detected a single heterozygous male during an allozyme study of this ground-nesting sweat bee. Subsequently, Mueller (1993) obtained DNA fingerprints of all individuals from 24 A. striata colonies.…”

Section: Jmcookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

1993

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The haploid males and diploid females of Hymenoptera have all chromosomes in the same proportions. This rules out most familiar sex-determining mechanisms, which rely on dosage differences at sex determination loci. Two types of model -genic balance and complementary sex determination (CSD) -have been invoked for Hymenoptera. Experimental studies provide no good evidence for genic balance models, which are contradicted by the detection of diploid males in 33 disparate species. Furthermore, recent advances have shown that sex determination in the beststudied diploid animals does not depend on genic balance, removing the original justification for hymenopteran genic balance models. Instead, several Hymenoptera have single-locus CSD. In this system, sex locus heterozyotes are female while homozygotes and hemizygotes are male. Singlelocus CSD does not apply to several inbreeding species and this probably reflects selection against the regular production of diploid males, which are sterile. A multilocus CSD model, in which heterozygosity at any one of several sex loci leads to female development has also been proposed. To date, multilocus CSD has not been demonstrated but several biases against its detection must be considered. CSD can apply to thelytokous races as long as the cytogenetic mechanism permits retention of sex locus heterozygosity. However, some thelytokous races clearly do not have CSD. The distribution of species with and without CSD suggests that this form of sex determination may be ancestral in the Hymenoptera. However, phylogenetic analyses are hindered by the lack of data from several superfamilies and the fact that the internal phylogeny of the Hymenoptera remains controversial.

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Allozyme variation, linkage disequilibrium and diploid male production in a primitively social bee Augochlorella striata (Hymenoptera; Halictidae)

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

Extremely high levels of inbreeding in a natural population of the free-living wasp Ancistrocerus antilope (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

Extremely high levels of inbreeding in a natural population of the free-living wasp Ancistrocerus antilope (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

Estimation of the proportion of diploid males in populations of Hymenoptera

Sex determination in the Hymenoptera: a review of models and evidence

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